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8th: Science Semester Review > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Some processes cycle carbon into the atmosphere, some processes remove carbon from the atmosphere and some cycle carbon both into and out of the atmosphere. Drag and drop the following processes into the correct category of cycling carbon into or out of the atmosphere. Some choices may be used more than once or not at all.

Choices:
Burning fossil fuels
Equilibrium with the ocean 
Limestone formation
Photosynthesis 
Respiration

(Lesson 1)

A

Cycle carbon into the atmosphere:
Burning fossil fuels
Equilibrium with the ocean
Respiration

Cycle carbon out the atmosphere:
Equilibrium with the ocean
Limestone formation
Photosynthesis

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2
Q

In which ways does the ocean reduce the effects of climate change? Select the two correct answers.

It absorbs nitrogen.

It absorbs heat.

It absorbs carbon dioxide.

It absorbs oxygen.

(Lesson 1)

A

It absorbs heat

It absorbs carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What is the importance of the Gulf Stream in terms of climate?

(Lesson 1)

A

It makes the climate of western Europe milder.

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4
Q

How do humans cycle carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere? (Naturally)

(Lesson 1)

A

by respiration

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5
Q

Between 400,000 years ago until 1950, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere never exceeded ___ parts per million. Today, carbon dioxide levels have exceeded ___ parts per million.

(Lesson 2)

A

300; 410

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6
Q

Earth’s most recent glacial period ended about ______ years ago.

The Great Oxygenation Event began about ________ years ago.

About ___ years ago carbon dioxide began increasing exponentially to unprecedented levels.

(Lesson 2)

A

11,500

2.3 billion

160

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7
Q

Which do scientists study to determine air temperature at the time it was formed? Select the two correct answers.

chemical isotopes in foraminifera shells

fossilized pollen

tree rings

ice formed thousands of years ago

(Lesson 3)

A

Tree rings

Ice formed thousands of years ago

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8
Q

What do Argo floats measure in the world’s ocean currents? Select the two correct answers.

salinity

rainfall

carbon dioxide

temperature

(Lesson 3)

A

Salinity

Temperature

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9
Q

What can scientists learn from the chemical isotopes in leftover shells of foraminifera about the climate at the time the foraminifera lived?

(Lesson 3)

A

They can estimate the ocean’s temperature.

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10
Q

Which effect of temperature rise causes a feedback resulting in a rise in global temperatures?

less severe storms

more water vapor in the atmosphere

less water vapor in the atmosphere

more severe storms

(Lesson 4)

A

more water vapor in the atmosphere

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11
Q

How does global warming affect solar energy in the atmosphere?

(Lesson 4)

A

Decreased ice causes less energy to be reflected.

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12
Q

Scientists believe that the ___________
explain why Earth’s _________ fluctuated between glacial periods and interglacial periods.

(Lesson 4)

A

Milankovitch Cycles

climate has

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13
Q

What does a model of the carbon cycle show about the amount of carbon of earth?

(Lesson 4)

A

The amount of Earth’s carbon is constant.

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14
Q

What does a wider tree ring indicate, as opposed to a thinner tree rings?

(Lesson 4)

A

It indicates that the weather that year was warm and wet.

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15
Q

Which factor should be included in a model of energy flow into the atmosphere?

places experiencing drought

concentrations of greenhouse gases

variations in local temperatures

number of flood per year

(Lesson 4)

A

concentrations of greenhouse gases

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16
Q

Ozone in which layer of the atmosphere is sometimes called good ozone?

(Lesson 5)

A

stratosphere

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17
Q

In the greenhouse effect, far infrared radiation is __________ Earth’s surface and absorbed and reemitted by ____ gases in the atmosphere. These gases have __________ in concentration over the past century.

(Lesson 5)

A

emitted from

some

increased

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18
Q

What is a greenhouse gas?

Lesson 5

A

any gas in the troposphere that absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation

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19
Q

About what percentage of atmospheric ozone is located in the stratosphere?

(Lesson 5)

A

90%

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20
Q

Which is common to the formation of all fossil fuels?

Lesson 7

A

Once-living organisms are converted into carbon-rich fuels.

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21
Q

Which is the source of the carbon released during fossil fuel combustion?

(Lesson 7)

A

carbon from the bodies of organisms that formed fossil fuels

22
Q

Which agricultural practices result in methane emission? Select the two correct answers.

rice cultivation

manure management techniques

refrigeration

clearing land for farms

(Lesson 8)

A

Rice cultivation

Manure management techniques

23
Q

Which of the following is the main cause of increased burning of fossil fuels?

(Lesson 8)

A

Economic and population growth

24
Q

Which are accurate statements about atmospheric water vapor? Select the two correct answers.

It is directly attributable to the activities of farming and industry.
It is directly attributable to the activities of farming and industry.

It is not directly attributable to the activities of farming and industry.
It is not directly attributable to the activities of farming and industry.

It has no effect on global warming.
It has no effect on global warming.

It both increases and decreases global warming

(Lesson 8)

A

It is not directly attributable to the activities of farming and industry.

It both increases and decreases global warming.

25
Q

Which of these statements is true of the impacts of climate change?

They affect plants and animals more than people.

They will impact human food supplies.

They have become less severe over time.

They are mostly associated with oceans

(Lesson 9)

A

They will impact human food supplies

26
Q

Which of these is an impact of climate change associated with warmer oceans?

stronger hurricanes

more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

warm ocean currents

more frequent wildfires

(Lesson 9)

A

Stronger hurricanes

27
Q

In terms of climate change, what do cherry blossoms and sugar maple trees have in common?

(Lesson 9)

A

They are affected by earlier spring warmth.

28
Q

Why should a model of the carbon cycle include the burning of fossil fuels?

(Lesson 10)

A

Burning fossil fuels moves carbon from the geosphere to the atmosphere.

29
Q

Which indicator would tell scientists the most about future climate change?

the data obtained from ice cores

the discovery of new natural gas fields

new regulations to decrease the release of nitrous oxides

record-breaking droughts

(Lesson 10)

A

The data obtained from ice cores

30
Q

Joshua trees cannot germinate and grow as easily in today’s warmer climate. Which of these actions would be most likely to help the species survive climate change?

Growing in a range farther north.

Becoming a mature plant without leaves.

Limiting the height of the tree.

Limiting growth to winter.

(Lesson 10)

A

Growing in a range farther north.

31
Q

What is ozone?

Lesson 10

A

a gas composed of molecules with three oxygen atoms

32
Q

What tool gives scientists the best data to study ice loss near the poles?

(Lesson 10)

A

satellite measurements

33
Q

The glass in a greenhouse is __________ to visible light and ______ to infrared wavelengths. The same can be said for greenhouse gases.

(Lesson 10)

A

transparent

opaque

34
Q

Identify the way oceans can influence climate change. Select the two correct answers.

Ocean acidity could affect marine organisms.

Ocean heat could affect water volume.

Ocean currents could affect prevailing winds.

Ocean temperature could affect currents.

(Lesson 10)

A

Ocean currents could affect prevailing winds.

Ocean temperature could affect currents.

35
Q

Which action can help reduce the rate of global warming?

living in the desert

burning coal for power

creating barriers to hold flood water

reducing emissions from cars

(Lesson 10)

A

reducing emissions from cars

36
Q

In industry, indirect emissions of greenhouse gases are emissions produced…

(Lesson 10)

A

by burning fossils fuels off-site to make electricity that is used on-site.

37
Q

Which of the following factors contribute to the periodic changes in Earth’s temperature known as the Milankovitch cycles? Select the three correct answers.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere is decreasing

Earth’s atmosphere has been enriched in oxygen by cyanobacteria

Earth’s shape is spherical

Earth’s axial tilt varies between 22 and 24 degrees

Earth’s orbit alternates between a circular and an elliptical shape

Earth wobbles slightly on its axis

(Lesson 10)

A

Earth’s axial tilt varies between 22 and 24 degrees

Earth’s orbit alternates between a circular and an elliptical shape

Earth wobbles slightly on its axis

38
Q

Today Earth’s atmosphere contains a _____ concentration of chlorofluorocarbons than it did in the 1970s and 1980s, because the use of these chemicals is now _____.

A

lesser

banned

39
Q

Identify and analyze the way fossil fuel combustion has changed the composition of Earth’s atmosphere, and the way this change has affected climate.
(This was a writing question)

A

Before the industrial revolution, when the culture of burning fossil fuels didn’t exist, carbon levels where steady. There wasn’t any sign of the imbalance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at that time. However, during (and after) the industrial revolution, when the culture of burning fossil fuels flourished, the imbalance of greenhouse gases with other elements in the atmosphere began to become more and more evident as years went on. In this short period of time, the temperature started rising, ocean levels are increasing, organisms stated dwindling, etc. and all of this is caused by the sudden increase of greenhouse gases caused by human activity. The atmosphere used to be balanced but know with an increase of greenhouse gases the balance is now broken.

40
Q

What are the qualities of a greenhouse gas? Select the two correct answers.

composed of single atoms, not molecules

absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation

produced by human activity

transparent to infrared radiation

three or more atoms in a molecule

A

absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation

three or more atoms in a molecule

41
Q

Which directly contribute to sea level rise?

A

expansion and melting of land ice

42
Q

In 3 to 5 sentences, analyze potential impacts of oceans on human populations as the result of climate change in the current century.
(Writing question)

A

One main issue caused by climate change is that the ocean levels are rising. Ocean levels rising causes land that are on a lower altitude to soon be submerged by the ocean; meaning people will have to move and possibly causing an increase in population in some areas as time goes on. Another issue that effects humans is the weak jet steams, with this storms start in an area for longer periods of time, which causes more flooding which causes possible future deaths. Another issue that has to do with flooding is the death of coral reefs, because of the increase in temperature in the oceans, corral reefs are dying. Coral reefs were essential to land near the shore, because coral reefs helped with breaking apart waves. So, without them, this causes more erosion and more flooding.

43
Q

How does the ozone layer over the Arctic change with the seasons?

A

It peaks in spring and decreases in fall.

44
Q

How would a weaker jet stream help to cause extreme flooding?

A

It would allow storm systems to stall in an area.

45
Q

Which choice gives the order of a chain of events that show cause and effect relationships that results from human activity?

A

increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; increased water vapor in the atmosphere; increase in severe storms; increase flooding

46
Q

Which is the link between fossil fuel use and flowers blooming earlier in the spring season?

A

A warmer Earth due to fossil fuel emissions has milder winters and earlier springs.

47
Q

Which are true about changes in carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere since 1860? Select the two correct answers.

The rate of change in carbon dioxide is exponential.

The increases in carbon dioxide are caused by human activity.

The changes are triggered by a new interglacial period.

The increases in carbon dioxide can be explained by the Milankovitch cycle.

A

The rate of change in carbon dioxide is exponential.

The increases in carbon dioxide are caused by human activity.

48
Q

Scientists are monitoring the pH of oceans. Which of these are they most likely studying?

A

the health of coral colonies

49
Q

Scientists say the planet Venus has a “runaway greenhouse effect.” What condition woud you expect on Venus as the result of a runaway greenhouse effect?

A

The planet is extremely hot.

50
Q

Which is evidence of climate-forced sea level rise?

A

submerging of low islands and coastlines

51
Q

Which provides evidence that humans are causing an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere?

A

The net flux of carbon into the atmosphere without including the contribution from burning fossil fuels is negative.

52
Q

What would happen if some of the world’s countries broke the Montreal Protocol and industry began manufacturing and using chlorofluorocarbons again? In 3–5 sentences, describe the effect of this action on Earth’s atmosphere and surface.

A

This would add more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, which would only worsen the conditions we are now facing with fossil fuels. This would further destroy the ozone layer causing it to be exponentially warmer on Earth. In the atmosphere, greenhouse gases would absorb this heat, keeping it inside the atmosphere, and due to this the oceans levels will also increase, due to the probable increase in carbon dioxide as time goes on, causing the oceans to rising and the death of many organisms. Also, the ozone layer protects us humans and other organisms from the harmful UV rays, but with the ozone layer becoming weaker with the increase of chlorofluorocarbons, more and more people are going to start getting harmed because of it. Earth’s surface, like I said, will warm up and melt more land ice, which will then cause the ocean to rise.

8th: Science Semester Review (4 decks)

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