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8th: Science Semester Review > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere is most strongly affected by conditions on Earth’s surface?

(Lesson 1)

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

Which layer of Earth’s atmosphere is most strongly affected by conditions on sun’s surface?

(Lesson 1)

A

Thermosphere

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3
Q

Which gas has recently increased in the mesosphere, creating a rise in water vapor which has led to the formation of high-altitude clouds that are visible at night?

(Lesson 1)

A

Methane

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4
Q

Which statement describes how the atmosphere gains energy by convection?

(Lesson 1)

A

Air warmed by the ground rises.

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5
Q

About how much of the solar energy that reaches Earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by the atmosphere?

(Lesson 1)

A

One-fourth

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6
Q

An asphalt surface absorbs ____ solar energy than a cement surface. This difference is chiefly due to differences in _____.

(Lesson 2)

A

more; color

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7
Q

How does global warming alter the albedo of the Arctic? Select the two correct answers.

Melting sea ice to reveal darker water.

Melting glaciers to reveal darker soil.

Changing migration patterns for sea life.

Replacing tundra with more rapid growth.

(Lesson 2)

A

Melting sea ice to reveal darker water

Melting glaciers to reveal darker soil

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8
Q

Which are ways in which heat energy leaves the surface of land masses? Select the three correct answers.

animal activity

evaporation

plant growth

radiation of infrared energy

conduction to air, which then rises in convection

glacial motion

(Lesson 2)

A

Evaporation

Radiation of infrared energy

Conduction to air, which then rises in convection

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9
Q

Sunlight is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by Earth’s atmosphere. Which are the chief constituents of the electromagnetic energy that reaches Earth’s surface? Select the two correct answers.

far infrared (lower energy infrared)

near infrared (higher energy infrared)

ultraviolet light

visible light

radio waves

(Lesson 3)

A

Near infrared (higher energy infrared)

Visible light

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10
Q

Which qualities of the ocean help it to absorb heat? Select the three correct answers.

transparency to electromagnetic radiation

large surface area

a low evaporation point

a high specific heat capacity compared to land or air

Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas at Earth’s surface.

proximity to land

(Lesson 3)

A

Transparency to electromagnetic radiation

Large surface area

A high specific heat capacity compared to land or air

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11
Q

Which of the following describe how water mixes in a thermohaline current? Select the two correct answers.

Less salty water sinks under saltier water.

Warm water sinks under colder water.

Cold water sinks under warmer water.

Saltier water sinks under less salty water.

(Lesson 3)

A

Cold water sinks under warmer water.

Saltier water sinks under less salty water.

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12
Q

Identify three processes in which a rooftop garden can reduce the heat absorbed, compared to an asphalt roof. Select the three correct answers.

Unlike asphalt, soil contains carbon dioxide.

The garden and plants have more mass than the asphalt.

Soil is natural and asphalt is man-made.

Plants release water vapor whereas asphalt does not.

The gardens and plants have a higher albedo than asphalt.

A garden insulates the building from heat better than asphalt.

(Lesson 4)

A

Plants release water vapor whereas asphalt does not.

The gardens and plants have a higher albedo than asphalt.

A garden insulates the building from heat better than asphalt.

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13
Q

What effects does ionizing radiation have on the atmosphere? Select the two correct answers.

It forms ozone in the stratosphere.

It is the chief cause of warming in the troposphere.

It ionizes atoms and molecules in the thermosphere.

It helps atoms to escape Earth’s gravity in the exosphere.

(Lesson 4)

A

It forms ozone in the stratosphere.

It ionizes atoms and molecules in the thermosphere.

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14
Q

Which describes gyres in the northern hemisphere?

Lesson 4

A

They move warm water from equatorial regions to polar regions.

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15
Q

Which of the following are true of the transfer of thermal energy in the oceans? Select the three correct answers.

Energy is carried from the equator to poles in deep ocean currents.

Energy is radiated more than absorbed near the equator.

Energy is radiated more than absorbed near the poles.

Energy is absorbed more than radiated near the equator.

Energy is carried from the equator to poles in surface currents.

Energy is absorbed more than radiated near the poles.

(Lesson 4)

A

Energy is radiated more than absorbed near the poles.

Energy is absorbed more than radiated near the equator.

Energy is carried from the equator to poles in surface currents.

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16
Q

Which provides the most direct source of energy for a hurricane?

(Lesson 4)

A

warm ocean water

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17
Q

Which statement about deep currents is true?

They move warm water along the bottom of the ocean from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean.

They move warm water along the bottom of the ocean from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

They move cold water along the bottom of the ocean from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean.

They move cold water along the bottom of the ocean from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

(Lesson 4)

A

They move cold water along the bottom of the ocean from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

18
Q

How does upwelling affect the weather of a coastal region?

Lesson 4

A

The cold surface water results in drier air and less rainfall.

19
Q

Which statement about ocean surface currents is false?

They move heat and water between equatorial regions and polar regions.

They flow in large gyres in the major ocean basins.

They have no effect on air temperature over land on the coast.

They influence the climate and weather of areas along the coast.

(Lesson 4)

A

They have no effect on air temperature over land on the coast.

20
Q

Which of these can help determine air pressure? Select the two correct answers.

wind speed of the air

moisture in the air

temperature of the air

patterns in the air

(Lesson 5)

A

moisture in the air

temperature of the air

21
Q

Which do meteorologists use to measure air pressure?

Lesson 5

A

a barometer

22
Q

Which would register a drop in air pressure?

Lesson 5

A

Going up a mountain

23
Q

How are rising sea levels and rising ocean temperatures connected?

(Lesson 6)

A

At higher temperatures, the ocean melts ice caps faster.

24
Q

Imagine that the sun disappeared from the universe tomorrow. Which sphere or spheres would this affect?

(Lesson 6)

A

All spheres

25
Q

What change happens when ocean currents cause warmer water to enter a region?

(Lesson 6)

A

Evaporation of surface water increases.

26
Q

How have rising ocean temperatures affected coral communities?

(Lesson 6)

A

Corals become bleached as they expel algae with increased temperatures..

27
Q

Ocean currents have a direct effect on climate by an interaction of which systems?

(Lesson 6)

A

hydrosphere and atmosphere

28
Q

Several days of fair weather are probably the result of..

Lesson 7

A

a warm, dry air mass moving over an area.

29
Q

Which accurately compares the horizontal resolution of the European weather model to the American weather model?

(Lesson 7)

A

The horizontal resolution of the European model is higher than the American weather model.

(The European weather model has a horizontal resolution of 9 km, and the American weather model has a horizontal resolution of 28 km.)

30
Q

The Milankovitch cycles are changes Earth experiences that affect its climate over a period of hundreds of thousands of years. Cyclical changes in _________ are changes in the _____ of Earth’s orbit. Changes in _______ are the changes in Earth’s tilt on its axis. Earth also experiences a _________ around its axis. The cycles affect climate by altering the ________ of Earth’s seasons and temperature _________ between summer and winter.

(Lesson 7)

A
  1. eccentricity
  2. shape
  3. obliquity
  4. precession
  5. duration
  6. decreases
31
Q

Which of these limitations has the greatest impact on the European and American weather models?

(Lesson 7)

A

It is impossible to collect data at every point in the atmosphere.

32
Q

Which of these affect Earth’s climate over a shorter period of time?

changes in ocean currents

changes in solar output

changes in Earth’s tilt

changes in orbital shape

(Lesson 7)

A

changes in ocean currents

33
Q

The European model was the first weather model to correctly predict that Hurricane Sandy would ________, while the American model’s early prediction was that Hurricane Sandy would ________.

(Lesson 7)

A
  1. turn left toward the coast

2. turn right and head out to sea

34
Q

When a weather forecaster predicts a “low pressure system” will pass through the area, what type of weather should be expected?

(Lesson 8)

A

clouds and possible precipitation

35
Q

A weather model applies mathematical equations to…

Lesson 8

A

each grid point on a three-dimensional grid.

36
Q

Which of these changes Earth’s climate mainly over time spans of millions of years?

plate tectonics

volcanic eruption

human interactions

ocean currents

(Lesson 8)

A

Plate tectonics

37
Q

How does wet soil differ from dry soil in its ability to absorb heat?

(Lesson 8)

A

Wet soil absorbs heat more slowly, due to water’s high heat capacity.

38
Q

Which of the following is true of the surface water and deep water of the ocean?

There is constant vertical mixing as fresh water evaporates and the salty surface water that remains sinks.

There is constant vertical mixing between layers because the warm water is atop the colder water.

There is little vertical mixing between layers because currents only flow sideways.

There is little vertical mixing between layers because the warm water is atop the colder water.

(Lesson 8)

A

There is little vertical mixing between layers because the warm water is atop the colder water.

39
Q

How does Earth’s tilt affect climate?

Lesson 8

A

It produces uneven heating of Earth’s surface by the sun.

40
Q

On what are weather models based?

Lesson 8

A

physics that describes how air moves and heat and moisture are exchanged

41
Q

Drag and drop the words into the correct locations to label the layers of the atmosphere, with the lowest layer at the bottom. (Just order the layers)

(Lesson 8)

A

Space

  1. Exosphere
  2. Thermosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Stratosphere
  5. Troposphere

Earth’s surface

8th: Science Semester Review (4 decks)

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