Unit 3 Flashcards
What are halo alkanes?
What are the reactions of monohaloalkanes?
Elimination
Nucleophillic substitutuon to form alkanols
Nucleophillic substitution to form ethers
Nucleophillic substitution to form nitriles
Nucleophillic substition of monohaloalkanes
(Formation of ethers)
Alkoxide ion formed by reacting Na with alkanol.
Nucleophillic attack on delta + C of C-Cl bond
Nucleophillic substitution of monohaloalkanes to form alkanols
React with acqueous alkalis
Nucleophillic substitution of monohaloalkanes to form nitriles
Ethanolic cyanide
Nitriles can be acid hydrolysed to carboxyllic acids
Which type of substitution reactions do primary haloalkanes undergo?
Sn2 due to
Less steric hindrance
Primary carbocation needed for Sn1 is not stable
What type of substitution reactions do tertiary haloalkanes undergo?
Sn1 due to
Steric hindrance from bulky side groups blocking nucleophile
Inductive stabilisation of carbocation intermediate from alkyl groups
Mechanism of Sn1
Mechanism of Sn2
Dehydration of alkanols
Structure of benzene
Substitution reactions of benzene
Nitration of benzene
Alkylation of benzene
Halogenation of benzene
What is a chromophore?
A group of atoms within a molecule that is reaponsible for absorbing light in the visible region of the spectrum.
Where do chromophores exist?
In a conjugated system
What is a conjugated system?
A system of adjacent unhybridised p orbitals that overlap side on
What is connection between HOMO and LUMO and wavelength
The greater the difference the smaller the wavelength
How can alkenes be prepared from monohaloaljanes?
Base induced elimination
How are dihaloalkanes formed
How are monohaloalkanes formed?
What are amines?
Heterolytic v homolytic fission
Heterolytic dission
gives far fewer products
better suited for organic synthesis
What is a nucleophile?
Species which are attracted towards atoms bearing a partial or full positive charge.
What is an electrophile?
Electropholes are species which are attracted towards atoms with a partial or full negative charge.
