Unit 1c. Transition Metals Flashcards
What is meant by a transition metal?
An element with an incomplete d subshell in one of its stable ions.
( note: no electrons DOES NOT count as incomplete)
Which 2 transition metals DO NOT follow the Aufbau principle?
When transition metals form ions which electrons are lost first 4s or 3d?
4s
What is meant by a ligand?
Ligands are negative ions or uncharged molecules with one or more lone pairs of electrons
How do ligands form bonds with central metal ions?
They donate their non bonding electrons into unfilled metal orbitals.
What is meant by a dative covalent bond?
A bond in which both electrons in the bond are donated by one of the atoms
What is meant by the coordination number?
The total number of bonds from the ligand(s) to the central transition metal ion
What are the names of the most common ligands?
What two conditions are necessary for transition metal complexes to be coloured?
- The possibility of a d-d* transition to occur
- the energy absorbed is in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum
Why do the d orbitals become non-degenerate when ligands attach?
What is the spectrochemical series?
The ability of different ligands to split the d orbitals
What is meant by strong and weak field ligands?
What is meant by a d-d* transition?
What causes d-d* transitions?
The absorption of photons ( light) which provide energy.
What is meant by a complementary colour?
The colour opposite on the colour wheel in the data booklet.
Why are aqueous Cu2+ ions blue?
Energy in the yellow region of the electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed for a d-d* transition and the complementary colour of blue is transmitted.
