Unit 3 Flashcards
Modern Material
A material that has been engineered to have improved properties.
Graphene
- modern material
- a single carbon layer material
- hypothetically 100 times stronger than steel.
Titanium
- modern material
- used in sporting and medical applications
- it has a high strength-to-weight ratio and is resistant to corrosion
Metal foam
- modern material
- strong but lightweight
- produced by injecting a gas or foaming agent into molten metal.
- often used in vehicles such as planes and cars as they absorb shock effectively
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
- modern material
- The liquid crystals are between a liquid and solid state. —When charge is applied to each liquid crystal, the shape changes to either block light or let light through.
- This ensures text or images display on the LCD.
Nanomaterials
- modern material
- tiny particles of 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) that can be
- used in thin films or coatings
- smartphone screens that repel greasy fingerprints, or hydrophobic materials that repel water.
What are some examples of modern materials?
Graphene, Titanium, Metal foam, Liquid crystal displays (LCDs), Nanomaterials
Smart materials
exhibit a physical change in response to some external stimuli.
Shape-memory alloys (SMA)
- smart material
- metal alloys that can remember their shape when heated.
- used for braces
Thermochromic pigments
- smart. material
- change colour when their temperature changes.
- can be mixed with paint or polymers to give the materials the same colour-changing properties
Photochromic pigments
- smart material
- change their properties when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light.
Quantum-tunnelling composite (QTC)
- smart material
- an insulating rubber containing tiny particles of metal.
- an insulator when resting and a conductor when pressure is applied.
Self-healing materials
- smart material
- have the ability to repair themselves, which can extend the lifespan of the products that use them.
Polymorph
- smart material
- polymer that becomes malleable when heated to about 62°C.
- When it cools down it becomes hard enough to drill and cut.
- good for modelling
Composite materials
-are made up of different materials which are combined to improve their properties.
Three types of composite materials:
fibre-based composites
particle-based composites
sheet-based composites
fibre-based composites
Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP):
Materials-Glass fibres and resin
use- Boats, instrument cases
Carbon-reinforced plastic (CRP)
materials-Carbon fibre and resin
use-Formula 1 car bodies, crash helmets, sports equipment
Glass-reinforced concrete (GRC)
materials- Glass fibre and concrete
use-Street furniture, urban features
Particle based composites
Concrete: Materials-Cement, sand and aggregate Use-Buildings, street furniture Cermet Materials-Ceramic (cer) and metal (met) Use-Electronic components that need to operate under very hot temperatures
sheet-based composites
Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) Materials-Wood pulp and resin Use-Furniture and interior cladding Plywood Materials-Wood veneers and resin Use-Furniture and construction Chipboard Materials-Wood chip and resin Use-Furniture panels and construction
Conductive fabrics
- technical textile
- allow a small electrical current to safely pass through them.
- eg: touchscreen gloves
Fire-retardant fabrics
- technical textile
- more resistant to fire
- through chemical treatment or manufactured fireproof fibers .
Kevlar
- technical textile
- has great impact resistance.
Microfibres
- technical textile
- can be coiled to provide a very warm, soft or absorbent material that can be used in winter clothes or products
