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PE: MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT > UNIT 3 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The spinal column is arranged for what

A

movement

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2
Q

Bones that make up the spine is called

A

Vertebrae

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are there in the spine

A

33

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4
Q

What separates the vertabrae

A

Separated by an intervertebral disc

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5
Q

3 main regions that makes up the vertebral column

A
  1. Cervical (neck)
  2. Thoracic (upper back)
  3. Lumbar (lower back)
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6
Q

The fused vertebrae form the tailbone are called what

A

Sacrum and Coccyx

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7
Q

The spine is cable of the following

A
  1. Flexion (forward bending)
  2. Extension (backward bending)
  3. Side bending
  4. Rotation
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8
Q

Spinal column’s important role

A

a. bearing loads

b. protecting the neck and back from injury

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9
Q

The unique structure of the intervertebral discs is critical in what>

A

Distributing force and absorbing shock

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10
Q

The bony structure of the spine bears loads and provides protection to the

A

spinal cord and spinal nerves

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11
Q

Poor posture and poor body mechanics can damage what and what is its result?

A

a. discs and vertebrae

b. pain and disability

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12
Q

Is part of an integrated system that provides stability to the spine.

A

The core

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13
Q

The core includes

A 
> musculature of the abdominals
> back extensors
> lateral trunk flexors
> diaphragm
> pelvic floor
>hips
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14
Q

Few familiar muscles of the core innclues

A

> lumbar multifidus
transverses abdomens
internal oblique.

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15
Q

What common anatomical trait does the muscles of the core share

A

a. location
b. attachment to either
>spine
>pelvis
>rib cage

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16
Q

What is the three-dimensional cylinder consists of?

A

a. lumbar
b. spine
c. pelvis
d. hips

17
Q

Muscles of the core are classified into

A
  1. Mobilizer

2. Stabilizer

18
Q

Muscles that are more superficial and contract

concentrically to produce trunk movements.

A

Mobilizers

19
Q

Muscles that are more deeply located and contract isometrically or eccentrically to stabilize the trunk during arm and leg movements.

A

Stabilizers

20
Q

Stabilizer group is divided into two categories

A
  1. Local

2. Global

21
Q

How are the categories of stabilizer group distingued?

A

Difference in anatomy and function

22
Q

It provide stiffness and stability to the spine.

A

Local group stabilizer

23
Q

Local group stabilizer include muscles that posses

A

> a small cross-sectional area
deeply located
span just one or to vertebral levels at a time

24
Q

The local group stabilizer provide

A

a. local spinal support
b. control motion between adjacent vertebrae
c. increase intra-abdominal pressure
d. provide proprioceptive input to the body to avoid injury.

25
Q

What is the most notable example of a local core stabilizer

A

Lumbar multifidus

26
Q

Its function to produce trunk motion as well as trunk stability based on their attachments to the pelvis.

A

Global core stabilizers

27
Q

Global core stabilizers’ muscles tend to have what?

A

> a larger cross-sectional area
are more superficially located
often span multiple vertebral levels
possess attachments to the pelvis, rib cage, and/or thoracic spine

28
Q

Example of the global core stabilizer?

A

a. rectus abdomens
b. external oblique
c. quadrates lumborum
d. erector spinae

29
Q

Factors causes of back and neck pain

A
  1. Poor posture
  2. Questionable exercise
  3. Musculoskeletal injuries
  4. Degenerative changes
    > discs, vertebrae, joint surfaces, muscles, or ligaments
  5. Depression
  6. Cancer
  7. Infections
  8. Visceral disease (kidney, pelvic organs)
  9. Functional or structural disorders
  10. Inherited
30
Q

How to reduce risk of back pain

A

Reduce risk factors

31
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors?

A

a. regular heavy labor
b. use of vibrational tools
c. routines of prolonged sitting
d. smoking
e. hypo-kinetic lifestyle
f. coronary artery disease
g. obesity

32
Q

What are the non-modifiable risk factors?

A

a. family history of joint disease
b. age
c. congenital anomalies
d. direct trauma

33
Q

What other factors contribute to back pain?

A

nervous system and various paint-sensitive structures

34
Q

Back pain can result from?

A
  1. Direct Causes

2. Indirect Causes

PE: MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT (3 decks)

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