Unit 3 Flashcards
Respiration
the process of gas exchange between an organism and its environment
What are the 3 aspects of respiration?
Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration
Negative Pressure
pressure that is less than P(atmos) at any given time
Positive Pressure
pressure that is greater than P(atmos) at any given time
What is Boyle’s Law?
air travels from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, and that pressure increases/decreases proportionately to an increase/decrease in volume
What is special about the pulmonary artery?
it is the ONLY artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood.
How many lobes does each lung have?
Right has 3, left has 2…need room for the heart!
Describe pleural linkage
Pleural membrane lines the outside of the lungs, and the inside of the thoracic cavity, and between these layers there is pleural fluid. The fixed amount of fluid creates a “link” between these two structures so that when one expands the other expands, and when one retracts, so does the other. This is initiated by the external and internal intercostals of the rib cage, and it is what prevents lungs from collapsing altogether.
Hyperventilate
too much O2 taken into the system…breathing too fast
Hypoxia
not enough O2 in the system…breathing too little
Anoxia
the absence of O2 in body tissues
About how many respiration cycles occur per minute during quiet breathing?
~18
What % of the respiration cycle is devoted to inspiration vs expiration for quiet breathing? For speech breathing?
Quiet breathing: 40% inspiration, 60% expiration
Speech breathing: 10% inspiration, 90% expiration
What is the adult average air intake volume for one breath?
500-700 mL
Why is the nasal cavity the preferred route of inspiration for quiet breathing?
the small hairs work to keep out pathogens, and this route delivers warmer, moister air to the rest of the respiratory system than the oral cavity
Neural Arch
the passageway formed by the lamina and pedicles of the vertebrae, allowing for the passage, through the foramen magnum, of the spinal cord inside the vertebral column
What is the first segment of the cervical spine, and what is special about it?
the Atlas is the first segment of the cervical vertebrae, which articulates directly with the skull
Vertebrosternal Ribs
ribs 1-7 that have direct connections to the sternum, also known as true ribs
Vertebrochondral Ribs
ribs 8-10 that connect to the sternum via cartilaginous processes, also known as false ribs
Vertebral Ribs
ribs 11 & 12, which do not make contact with the sternum, therefore known as floating ribs
