Unit 2B- development

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

• The progress in economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that a country has made

Question 2

What are some examples of measures for development?

Answer 2

• GNI
• Birth rate
• Literacy rate
• Life expectancy

Question 3

What are some limitations to development measures?

Answer 3

• GNI/capita can be misleading on its own as some countries (Qatar) have a high GNI/capita but many poor people as most of the money is with the super-wealthy
• Social indicators may be misleading if on their own, as some aspects of a country develops before other
• In Cuba, they have a low birth rate, but a high death rate

Question 4

What is the HDI?

Answer 4

• The human development index
• Measures a country’s development using multiple factors: life expectancy. GNI/capita and education level

Question 5

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer 5

• A model showing how birth and death rates affect population growth
• It contains 5 distinct stages

Question 6

What occurs in stage 1 of the DTM?

Answer 6

• Least developed (some tribes in the Amazon)
• Birth rate high due to lack of contraception, and due to high infant mortality rates
• Death rate is high due to factors such as famine and poor healthcare

Question 7

What occurs in stage 2 of the DTM?

Answer 7

• Not very developed (Gambia and Afghanistan)
• High birth rate due to main industry being agriculture and low child healthcare facilities
• Death rates not as high as stage 1, due to somewhat better quality of healthcare

Question 8

What occurs in stage 3 of the DTM?

Answer 8

• More developed (most NEEs)
• Birth rates are lower due to increased availability of contraceptives and more women working
• Death rate is slowly falling due to improved healthcare

Question 9

What occurs in stage 4 and 5 of the DTM?

Answer 9

• Most developed (most HICs)
• Low birth rates due to high standard of living, and people may have elderly relatives that reduce money available
• Death rates are low due to really good healthcare

Question 10

What are some physical causes of uneven development?

Answer 10

• Poor climate
• Poor farm land available
• Few raw materials
• Lots of natural disasters

Question 11

What are some economic factors of uneven development?

Answer 11

• Poor trade links
• Lots of debt
• Economy based on primary products

Question 12

What are some historical factors of uneven development?

Answer 12

• Colonisation
• Conflict

Question 13

What are some wealth consequences of uneven development?

Answer 13

• Differences in GNI/capita between countries
• Inequalities in wealth within countries
• Differences in standards of living due to being (un)able to afford luxuries and even necessities

Question 14

What are some health consequences of uneven development?

Answer 14

• Healthcare more developed in HICs
• Difference in life expectancy between different countries
• Differences in infant mortality rate
• Increase in treatable diseases between countries

Question 15

What are consequences in relation to international migration as a result of uneven development?

Answer 15

• People leave LICs and NEEs to escape conflict or in search for a better quality of life
• Results in decrease in economy of the country they emigrated from

Question 16

What is investment?

Answer 16

• This involves companies in one country investing in infrastructure in another, helping it to develop

Question 17

What is aid?

Answer 17

• This involves money or resources being given to a developing country or area
• The money can be used for development projects, such as the building of wells
• Aid may be wasted if a corrupt government takes the money donated

Question 18

What is Fair Trade?

Answer 18

• This involves farmers in LICs getting a guaranteed price for their products
• Companies who sell these products must give the farmers a fair price
• Problems exist however, such as fair trade products being more expensive, meaning less people are likely to buy them

Question 19

What is intermediate technology?

Answer 19

• This involves tools and machines that are simple to use, as well as being cheap and sustainable
• May include solar-powered lightbulbs, used in Nepal to reduce use of dangerous kerosene fuel

Question 20

What is microfinance loans?

Answer 20

• This involves small loans given to people in LICs, so that they may start up a business
• A problem is the fact that people may begin to rack up debt

Question 21

What is industrial development?

Answer 21

• This involves developing industry to boost GNI and development in a country

Question 22

What is debt relief?

Answer 22

• This involves a country’s debt being payed off, so thy can use their income to develop, rather than pay off debts