Unit 268 - Emergency First Aid Skills Flashcards
Organ system made up of the heart, blood, blood vessels and lymphatics. Transports blood around the organs.
Circulatory system
The ten main organ systems
Circulatory, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal and urinary
Organ system made up of mouth, stomach and intestines. Converts food into energy.
Digestive system
Organ system made up of pituitary and thyroid glands, ovaries and testes. Responsible for transferring chemicals into the bloodstream. Controls mood, growth, development and metabolism.
Endocrine system
Organ system made up of skin, hair, nails and sweat glands. Protects the body from diseases etc. from the outside, retains fluids, controls body temperature and eliminated waste.
Integumentary system
Organ system made up of cells and fibres, tightens and relaxes
Muscular system
Organ system made up of brain, spinal cord and nerves. Recieves stimuli and transmits impulses to organs.
Nervous system
Organ system made up of uterus, penis, ovaries and testes
Reproductive system
Organ system made up of bones, cartiledge and joints. Controls movement, produces blood cells and stores minerals.
Skeletal system
Organ system made up of nose, diaphragm, bronchi, lungs, larynx and trachea. Transfers oxygen into the bloodstream and supplies the organs.
Respiratory system
Organ system made up of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Filters excess fluid from blood stream and excretes urine.
Urinary system
The four basic types of cell
Muscle cell, nerve cell, epithelial cell and connective tissue cell
These cells generate forces and produce motion, they may be attached to bones to allow limb movement
Muscle cell
These cells initiate and carry electrical impulses to distant areas of the body along their length (eg. Spinal cord and the brain)
Nerve cell
These cells are found on the surface of the body or organs and act to compartmentalise areas of the body to prevent uncontrolled movements of micro-organisms (eg. Skin and mucous membranes)
Epithelial cell
These cells connect parts of the body together by anchorage and support
Connective tissue cell
Thorax is also known as
The chest cavity
Number of chambers in the heart
Four
Upper quadrants of the heart
Atria
Lower quadrants of the heart
Ventricles
The two chambers on either side of the heart are separated by
Valves
The inner surface of the heart is called
Endocardium
rate of breaths to compressions when performing CPR
2:30
how many seconds to check breathing in unresponsive casualty
10 seconds
compression depth for adult when performing CPR
5-6cm
when approaching an unresponsive child casualty alone you should
perform 1 minute of CPR, first giving 5 rescue breaths, before going to get help
chest cpmpression depth when performing CPR (on child)
1/3 of the casualty’s chest depth
use one finger only for CPR in children under the age of
1 year old
resting heart rate for adults
60-100BPM
resting breathing rate for adults
12-16 breaths per minute
number of back blows/abdominal thrusts given to a choking casualty
five
the heart is connected to muscles in the body by
blood vessels
_____ blood is pumped from the lungs to the tissue cells
oxygenated blood
_____ blood is collected from the body and sent to the lungs for excretion
de-oxygenated
the right side of the heart holds
de-oxygenated blood
the left side of the heart holds
oxygenated blood
the pulmonary artery is located
on the right side of the heart
the vena cava is located
on the right side of the heart
the pulmonary vein is located
on the left side of the heart
the _____ vein is the only vein in the heart that carries oxygenated blood
pulmonary vein
_____branches off of the main artery
arterioles
_____ branches off of the arterioles
capillaries
the name of the process whereby oxygen is released into the organs and tissues and carbon dioxide is collected from them
internal respiration
blood pressure measures
the rate at which blood is driven around the system (contracting and relaxing)
the three main types of blood cells are
erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
erythrocytes are
red blood cells carrying oxygen around the body
leukocytes are
white blood cells which fight infection
platelets are responsible for
forming clots at wound sites
the exchange process (between oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes place in
the alveoli
the cilia are
hair-like projections that gently flick particles stuck in the mucus back towards the throat (located in the lining of the respiratory system, before the lungs)
how much air is expelled with each breath?
half a litre
the object of BLS is
to keep oxygenated blood circulating in the main organs
3-4 minutes without oxygen will cause
irreversible damage to the brain cells
hypoxia is
lack of oxygenation in the body
DRABC stands for
Danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation
when putting a pregnant woman in the recovery position she must be positioned
on her left side
BLS should be stopped when
the casualty recovers, emergency services arrive, the rescuer is exhausted or the casualty dies
AVPU stands for
Alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive
child’s heart rate
90-110 bpm
child’s breathing rate
20-30
baby’s heart rate
110-140bpm
baby’s breathing rate
20-40
when giving rescue breaths what percentage of oxygen is given out
21%
what percentage of oxygen is given out when using silicone resuscitation mask
90%
emergency drug used in case of anaphylacsis
adrenaline (epinephrine)
emergency drug used in case of hypoglycemia
glucose
emergency drug used in case of asthma attack
salbutamol
emergency drug used in case of cardiac chest pain
glyceril trinitrate
emergency drug used in case of epileptic fit
midazolam
condition whereby the main organs cannot function due to blood and fluid loss
hypovolemic shock
inflammation of bronchi is called
bronchitis
hypersensitivity to inhaled particles is called
bronchial asthma
inflammation of the lungs is called
emphysemia
coagulation (blood clotting) factors are produced by which organ
liver
salbutamol is used to treat which medical condition
asthma
the hole in the cranium which the spinal cord passes through
foramen magnum
foramen magnum is
the hole in the cranium which the spinal cord passes through
