Unit 24 (5) Flashcards
Similarities between IRAs and Keoughs
- Tax deferral of contributions
- Tax sheltered
- Only cash contributions. If a rollover or transfer, securities from the transfer account are permitted
- Distributions after 59.5 no penalty
- Early withdrawal penalty 10%
- Payouts in lump sum or periodic
- Upon death, payments made to beneficiary, bypass probate
Who can open an IRA?
Most individuals with earned income under the age of 70.5
Can you roll a qualified employer retirement plan into an IRA if you’re leaving the company?
Yes, as long as it’s completed within 60 days
What happens when spouse stays beneficiary on an inherited IRA
No 10% for withdrawals before 59.5 but the withdrawals must start when the deceased would have turned 70.5. RMDs are computed based on the beneficiaries age, not the deceased. Also, if its a ROTH and hadn’t been open for 5 years, still 10% penalty.
When can you delay a qualified retirement plan?
April 1 of the year after you retire
Non-spouse take RMDs based on oldest beneficiary life expectancy
Results in higher payout, higher taxes. Can be avoided if set up separate inherited IRA accounts for each account
Who can give a gift to a minor in a custodial account?
Any adult. There is no limit on the size of the gift.
The definition of security specifically excludes what?
Retirement plans
When must margin forms and agreements be completed?
Promptly after the initial margin trade.
Do Roths and traditional have different contribution limits?
No. You can contribute a total of 6k to an IRA and can be split between a traditional and Roth however you want
Is income on a UTMA considered earned income?
No. The kiddie tax rule applies where children younger than 19 with income in excess of $2,200 is taxed at a rate applicable to trusts
Is tax exempt income from Munis included in Adjusted Gross Income?
No
Governmental section 457 plan must be funded. What does funded mean?
It must hold plan assets in trusts or custodial accounts for the benefit of individual participants
Your married client has an AGI of 105k and is covered by his employers defined benefit pension plan. Can they open a Roth IRA?
Yes and without any restriction. As long as a married couples AGI does not exceed 203k, a Roth can be opened without any restrictions
What happens to $ that is left over in a 529?
If you withdraw the excess, the portion representing earnings is taxed as ordinary income, plus a 10% penalty.
When are you vested in a SEP?
Immediately. Once the money is deposited into the account, it belongs to the employee
Tax sheltered annuity
403b or TSA
Non-spouse cash out in 5 years
If deceased wasn’t 70.5, you can withdraw all the funds by Dec. 31 of the fifth year after owner’s death. Added to taxable income for beneficiary. No frequency to withdrawals. Can take some first year, wait a few years, take some more. Must take all funds by Dec 31 of 5th year
Who cannot benefit from real estate held in an IRA?
Any member of the family, even adopted children and great grandchildren. EXCEPT brother or sister
What are some things a prudent expert could buy as a fiduciary?
AAA rated debentures
Growth mutual fund
New issues of a AAA rated issuer
Writing covered calls on dividend paying stocks
Must be non-speculative, low to moderate risk, and likely to be considered prudent if used in a way consistent with MPT
A self employed individual who operates a Keough plan must make contributions for
Full time employees who are at least 21 and have worked for 1 year (1,000 hrs)
Roth key points
- Contributions not tax deductible
- Distributions tax free after 5 yrs and 59.5 age
- Can contribute after 70.5 if still have earned income
- Distributions not required at 70.5
- Death, disability, first time home, dist. is qualified and no 10% or tax
- Minor can be named beneficiary
You file for tax extension. When do you have to contribute to your IRA?
Even though you got an extension, you can still only contribute from Jan 1 to April 1
Which has earnings restrictions for contributors - 529 or Coverdell ?
Coverdell
At what level gift will you be subject to gift tax?
Over 15k
Can you contribute to a Roth after age 70.5?
Yes, as long as you still have earned income
IRA Contribution Limit
$6,000 or $7,000 for over 50
Holding period return
Income plus capital appreciation over a specific period
Which has higher contribution limits - Keough or IRA
Keough has a much higher contribution limit than IRA
SEP Participation
All eligible employees to participate
Simple plan
Retirement plan for biz with < 100 employees who earned 5k or more during the preceding year
Qualified plan
Employer sponsored plan such as a pension, 401k or 403b where the contributions are made with pretax dollars and earnings in the account grow tax deferred until withdrawal
Total return
Includes the income from dividends or interest plus any capital appreciation or minus any depreciation.
Ex. Common stock purchased at $20 with annual divvy $1 is sold one year later for $24. The total return is $5. $4 in gains plus $1 divvy. Total return 25%
Which has a higher contribution limit, IRA or Keough?
Keough is significantly higher than IRA
Are HSA contributions tax deductible?
Yes. Eligible participants can claim tax deductions on contributions
What does an employer have to do to qualify under ERISA section 404c?
- Employees must have individual accounts (must enjoy the benefits and risks of their decisions)
- Have independent control of their accounts
- Sufficiently broad range of options to choose from
In a Coverdell, can someone other than the parent/guardian be the “responsible individual”?
No. It must be the parent or guardian
RMD minimum distribution penalty
50% of the amount you didn’t withdraw
Mutual fund current return/current yield
Sec requires current return based on income dist. for the past 12 mo. divided by the POP. Capital gains are not included
ABC fund has a POP of $10.50 and a NAV of $10. It has made 4 $.15 distributions in the last year. And one cap gain distribution for $.25. The current yield is?
.5*4= $.60 then .60/10.50 = 5.7%
Qualified tax deferred retirement plan for school and non-profit employees
403b
Is an IRA ERISA qualified?
No because it does not involve employer contributions
How does a direct rollover differ from a transfer?
A direct rollover is one type of plan to an IRA. A transfer is IRA to IRA
What earnings count toward determining the max that may be contributed to a Keough?
Only self-employment earnings
4 options for inherited IRA when beneficiary is not a spouse
- Take the cash now
- Cash out IRA in 5 years
- Take RMDs during beneficiaries own life expectancy
- Take RMDs during life expectancy of oldest beneficiary
Simplified employee pension plans (SEP IRA)
Offer self employed persons and small business easy to administer pension plans
Are profit sharing and 401ks pension plans?
No, and as such employer contributions are not mandatory
Annualization factor
Number of months in the year divided by the number of months held.
Ineligible investments for an IRA
Collectibles, whole life insurance, term life
If a beneficiary of an inherited IRA is not a spouse, what are they not allowed to do?
Can’t rollover into their own IRA
457b facts
- Exempt from erisa
- Not required to follow non discrimination rules
- Tax exempt only for highly compensated employees, gov for anyone
- Distributions at any age and no 10% penalty
- You can have this as well as a 403b or a 401k and make max contribs to both
- Unlike 401ks, loans from 457bs are available for gov employees
An retiree is paid an annual amount equal to 30% of the average of his last 3 years salary. What type of plan is this?
Defined benefit plan. A defined benefit plan establishes the retirees payout in advance
In order to have matching contributions, participants in a Roth 401k must have what?
They must have 2 accounts. The Roth and the regular 401k. The employer contributions are made to the regular 401k
Ineligible investment practices for IRA
Shorting
Speculative options
Margin account trading
If a customer wants to open at UTMA or UGMA for his nephew, can the uncle make himself the custodian?
Yes, the donor may name himself custodian. The custodian is not required to be a legal guardian
When is a SEP tax deductible?
Employer contributions are tax deductible to the employer. Contributions are not taxable to an employee until withdrawn. Earnings accumulate tax deferred
You open a UTMA for each of your sons, Josh age 12 and Drake age 14. Under current regs, after deductions and exemptions, how will the income in each UTMA be taxed?
Each account’s income in excess of $2,200 is taxed at the rate applicable to trusts.
IRA contribution limit
$6,000 per individual or $12,000 per couple. Or 100% of taxable compensation for the taxable year.
Is an independent contractor eligible for a 403b?
No, only employees
How often can you rollover an IRA?
Once every 12 moth period
The uniform prudent investor law allows a fiduciary to delegate investment decisions to a third party. What would that third party not be able to do?
Amount and timing of distributions are not included in portfolio management and can only be done by the fiduciary (trustee)
What can an employer match in a SIMPLE
2% of employee compensation regardless of if the employee contributes
Or dollar for dollar up to 3% where only the employees who contribute will receive a match from the employer
Can a corporation use a Keough?
No
Earned income can be
- Wages, salaries, tips
- Commissions and bonuses
- Self employment income
- Alimony from pre-2019 divorce decrees
- Nontaxable combat pay
Can you roll excess money in a 529 to an IRA?
No. Money in a 529 is not part of a qualified plan so you can’t roll it into an IRA
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
Permits catch up contributions to IRAs if you’re over 50 above the max annual amount. Can go to traditional or roth. After 2006 its been $1,000
Nondeductible contribution
Contribution to a qualified plan or an Ira made with after tax dollars. Funds do grow tax deferred but there is no tax benefit derived from the contribution
What is the maximum employer share of contributions to a 401k or any deferred compensation plan?
May not exceed 25%
Once a gift is given to a minor under a UTMA, can it be reclaimed?
No
Not compensation for IRA purposes
- Capital gains
- Interest and dividend income
- Pension or annuity income
- Child support
- Passive income from DPPs
- Alimony from post dec 2018 divorces
Can a tax exempt, nongovernmental section 457 plan be funded?
No