Unit 2.3) D.C Circuits Flashcards
How can you measure the current in a circuit?
You can measure the current in a circuit with an ammeter connected in series with the component.
How do you measure the potential difference across a component?
Using a voltmeter, connected in parallel across the component being measured.
What is a diode?
A diode is a component that only allows current to flow in one direction.
Unless stated in the question, should you assume that voltmeters have zero resistance or infinite resistance?
You should assume they have infinite resistance. Current takes the path of least resistance, so if the voltmeter has infinite resistance, when applied in parallel to the appliance, no current will flow through it and all the current will flow through it and all the current will flow through the appliance.
Why should you assume an ammeter has an zero resistance unless stated otherwise?
The assumption means that there would be 0 potential difference across the ammeter and no energy is lost across it. It does not affect the circuit.
What is an Light Dependant Resistor(LDR)?
A semiconductor that is sensitive to light. As the light intensity increases its resistance decreases.
How does a thermistor work?
Similar to a LDR, but as the temperature increases, the resistance decreases.
How do you find the total resistance in a series circuit?
Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 + ….
Add the resistances of each component.
If 6 cells each of voltage 5V are arranged in parallel, what is the voltage in the circuit?
5V.
How does the current vary between each component of a series circuit?
The current through all of the components is the same meaning current does not vary.
Is the current in parallel components the same?
No, each branch of a parallel circuit can have different currents through them.
In a series circuit, if two cells are connected negative to negative, would their emfs add up or cancel out?
They will cancel out. The total emf would be equal to:
emf total = emf 1 - emf 2
What is Kirchhoff’s first law?
All of the current going into a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction.
What is Kirchhoff’s second law?
For any path(loop) of a circuit, the sum of all of the potential differences must equal the total emf of the circuit.
What is the purpose of a potential divider?
To provide a variable potential difference, or to provide a constant specific potential difference.
A circuit is set up with a cell providing a voltage of 12v to 2 resistors of 6 ohms and 7 ohms in series, what is the voltage across the 7 ohm resistor?
Total resistance=6+7=13ohms
(7/13) x 12 = 6.5v.
What is meant by the emf of a source?
Electromotive force: the electrical energy transferred by a power supply unit charge. It has the same units as potential difference(V).
Rearrange the equation Ɛ =I(R+r) into the form of y=mx+c.
Ɛ=IR + lr
Ɛ=V + lr
So for a graph of V against I
V = -rl + Ɛ
y=mx+c
What is the total resistance of a parallel arrangement of 3 ohms, 7 ohms and 9 ohms resistors?
1/Rt=1/3 +1/7 + 1/9
1/Rt = 37/63
Rt=63/37 = 1.7 ohms
Voltage law?
The sum of the potential difference across the components in a series circuit is equal to the potential difference across the supply. e.g
p.d across resistor + p.d across lamb =p.d across the cell.
p.d in parallel?
the potential difference across components connected in parallel are equal. e.g all components are 6v
Current law in parallel?
Current from a source must be equal to the currents in separate branches of a parallel circuit.
e.g current in lamp + current in resistor= current in cell(source).
Current law in series?
The sum of the potential differences across
components in a series circuit is equal to the
potential difference across the supply, and
that this is a consequence of conservation of
energy
(tip: series Amps(A)=same) (parallel,Volts(V)=same)
Potential difference across components in parallel are ___?
Equal.
Sources have internal___?
resistance?
emf equation?
emf = energy transferred from other forms to electrical / charge.
emf=E/Q
or
emf = IR + Ir = I(R +r)
IR=(Terminal p.d)
Ir=(lost volts)
I=(current)
R=(resistance)
r=(internal resistance)
Internal resistance equation?
v = emf - Ir
I=(current flowing in curcuit)
r=(internal resistance)
V=(terminal p.d of cell)
How to calculate current and potential difference
in a circuit containing one cell or cells in series?
Search up.
