UNIT 2.2: OTHER CHANGES IN AGING Flashcards
PSYCHO-SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES
- Psychosocial theories of aging
- Retirement
- Economic changes
- Relocation
- Maintaining Independence and self-esteem
- Facing death and grieving
These are the OTHER CHANGES IN AGING
- PSYCHO-SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES
- COGNITIVE CHANGES
- MORAL CHANGES
- SPIRITUAL CHANGES
What are the Psychosocial theories of aging
- Disengagement theory
- Activity theory
- Continuity Theory
- Erik Erickson’s Development Theory
Psychosocial theories of aging
Aging involves mutual withdrawal between the older person and others in their environment
Disengagement theory
Psychosocial theories of aging
The best way to become old is to stay active physically and mentally
Activity theory
Psychosocial theories of aging
The person maintains her values, habits and behavior in old age
Continuity Theory
Psychosocial theories of aging
The development task at this time is ego integrity vs. Despair
Erik Erickson’s Development Theory
COGNITIVE CHANGES
Ability to know
Cognitive ability
COGNITIVE CHANGES
Ability to retain information
Memory
COGNITIVE CHANGES
Ability to interpret the environment
Perception
Thomas describes four (OR FIVE) stages of memory in the information processing model. THESE STAGES ARE:
- Sensory memory
- Primary memory
- Working memory
- Secondary memory
- Tertiary Memory
Stages of memory in the information processing model
The first stage, is the momentary perception of stimuli by the senses. Visual information is stored in visual or iconic memory; auditory information is stored in auditory or echoic memory
Sensory memory
Stages of memory in the information processing model
It is what one has in mind at a given moment. There is limited storage capacity and duration in primary memory
Primary memory
Also called Short Term Memory
Stages of memory in the information processing model
The term applied to the processes of manipulating or reorganizing information in primary memory. There is generally little age difference in primary memory; however, it appears to be age related differences in working memory
Working memory
Common Tools used in Geriatric Assessment
- An ordinal scale used to measure performance in ADL.
- Measures the degree of assistance required by the individual on 10 items of mobility and self-care ADL.
- Assesses the functional independence, generally in stroke patients.
Barthel Scale /Index
Stages of memory in the information processing model
For information to be retained it must enter secondary memory. It includes the memory capacities that one uses on a daily basis. This includes memory about current events, a book recently read, or a movie recently viewed. Most age-related differences occur in secondary memory
Secondary memory
Also referred to as recent memory
Stages of memory in the information processing model
It is the repository for information stored for a very long period. It includes memories of childhood friends, teachers, and past events.
Tertiary Memory
Also known as long-term memory, and remote memory
MORAL CHANGES
According to him, moral development is completed in the early adult life
Kohlberg
Statistical figures show that the life expectancy at birth and at age 60 has been increasing. In 2017, it was recorded that ___ years old for males and ___years old for females who tend to live longer than the males
It appears that more females are disposed to live longer, except at age 80.
- 66.9
- 72.2
Common Tools used in Geriatric Assessment
- A screening tool to help identify elderly patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.
- Provides a simple and quick method of identifying elderly
- Persons who are at risk for malnutrition or who are already malnourished
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
Common Tools used in Geriatric Assessment
- Most appropriate instrument to assess functional status as a measurement of the client’s ability to perform ADL.
- This can also detect problems in ADL and plan care accordingly. It ranks adequacy of performance in the six functions of bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence and feeding.
KATZ Index of Assessment of Daily Living
SPIRITUAL CHANGES
According to him, religion takes a new meaning for the elderly, who may find comfort and affirmation in religious activities.
Carson (2002)
MORAL CHANGES
These are like experiences, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, influence one’s values
Cultural background
Common Tools used in Geriatric Assessment
- KATZ Index of Assessment of Daily Living
- Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
- Barthel Scale /Index
- FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool
Common Tools used in Geriatric Assessment
- Provides a way for the clinician to efficiently integrate the open-ended questions into a standard medical history and can be used by health care professionals
FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool
created by Dr. Christina Puchalski in 1996, in collaboration with three primary care physicians (Drs. Daniel Sulmasy, Joan Teno, and Dale Matthews)
FICA Spiritual Assessment Tool is based on four domains of spiritual assessment
- Presence of Faith, belief, or meaning;
- Importance of spirituality on an individual’s life and the influence that belief system or values has on the person’s health care decision making;
- Individual’s spiritual Community;
- Interventions to Address spiritual needs
Nurses follow a group of Five principles, or values in caring the Elderly. These five principles are:
- Safety
- Dignity
- Independence
- Privacy
- Communication
Nurse assistants keep these five principles in mind as they perform all of their duties and actions for the patients in their care.
Principles in the Care of Older Persons:
Talking and listening to patients is a large part of a nurse assistant’s job. Nurse assistants must communicate daily with their patients and involve the patients in their own health care decisions
COMMUNICATION
Principles in the Care of Older Persons:
Patients may start to feel helpless when nurse assistants and other health care members are caring for their daily needs.
INDEPENDENCE
Principles in the Care of Older Persons:
In health care facilities, many people are living in shared quarters. Nurse assistants should take care not to discuss patients’ private matters with others.
PRIVACY
Principles in the Care of Older Persons:
- Nurse assistants must keep patients free from injuries such as burns and bruises.
- They need to make sure that patients do not hurt themselves, such as by walking away from the care facility and causing harm to themselves or others.
SAFETY
- All patients should be treated with respect.
- Nurse assistants can help to maintain their patients’ dignity, or self-respect, when they interact with their patients every day
DIGNITY
