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Higher Human Biology Unit 2 > Unit 2.2 Hormonal Control of Reproduction > Flashcards

Unit 2.2 Hormonal Control of Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that take information around the body

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2
Q

What do target tissues have so only that tissue is affected by the hormone

A

Target tissues have : cells with complementary receptor proteins - for specific hormones, so only that tissue is affected

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3
Q

How do hormones travel

A

By the bloodstream

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4
Q

What do hormones control in reproduction

A
  • the onset of puberty
  • sperm production
  • the menstrual cycle
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5
Q

What does the hypothalamus do at puberty

A

Secretes a releaser hormone whose target is the pituitary gland

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6
Q

How does the pituitary gland respond to the releaser hormone

A

By producing 2 hormones ( FSH + ICSH in males // FSH + LH in females)

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7
Q

What is FSH

A

A follicle stimulating hormone

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8
Q

What is ICSH

A

An interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

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9
Q

What is LH

A

A luteinising hormone

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10
Q

What do the release of hormones by the pituitary gland trigger

A

The onset of sperm production (males) and the menstrual cycle (females)

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11
Q

What does FSH do (males)

A

Promotes sperm production in the seminiferous tubules

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12
Q

What does ICSH do

A

Stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone

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13
Q

What does testosterone do

A
  • stimulates sperm production
  • activates the seminal vesicles & prostate gland to produce secretions (fluids)
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14
Q

What is negative feedback control

A

The body had self-regulating mechanisms called negative feedback, allowing the body to correct changes. When a factor affecting the body’s internal environment deviates from its norm (set point) the body responds to correct the change)

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15
Q

Example of negative feedback control

A

As testosterone concentration builds up in bloodstream it reaches a level that inhibits FSH & ICSH secretion.
This leads to a decrease in testosterone concentration.
So, the pituitary gland releases FSH & ICSH again.

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16
Q

What does FSH (females)

A
  • Stimulates the development & maturation of each follicle.
  • Stimulates the ovary to secrete oestrogen by the follicle in the follicular phase
17
Q

What does LH do

A

-Triggers ovulation
-Brings about development of the corpus luteum from the follicle, the corpus luteum then secretes progesterone

18
Q

What are the ovarian hormones

A

Oestrogen & Progesterone

19
Q

What does oestrogen stimulate

A

The proliferation (cell division) of the endometrium (inner layer of the uterus). This prepares the uterus for implantation of an embryo

20
Q

What do high levels of oestrogen stimulate

A

The cells lining the cervix to secrete a watery mucus making it more easily penetrated by sperm

21
Q

What do peak levels of oestrogen stimulate

A

-A surge in the secretion of LH which triggers ovulation.
-The production of LH by the pituitary.

22
Q

What does the follicle do in the luteal phase

A

Develops into a corpus luteum & secretes progesterone

23
Q

What does progesterone promote

A

The further development & vascularisation of the endometrium, preparing it for implantation if fertilisation occurs

24
Q

Vascularisation meaning

A

Formation of blood vessels

25
Q

Proliferation meaning

A

Cell division

26
Q

Endometrium meaning

A

The inner layer of the uterus

27
Q

What prevents further follicles from developing

A

The negative feedback effect of the ovarian hormones on the pituitary gland & the secretion of FSH & LH

28
Q

What does a lack of LH lead to

A

Degeneration of the corpus luteum with a subsequent drop in progesterone levels, leading to menstruation

29
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum & progesterone if fertilisation occurs

A

The corpus luteum does not degenerate & progesterone levels remain high

30
Q

What 2 hormones does progesterone inhibit

A

FSH & LH by the pituitary gland

Higher Human Biology Unit 2 (2 decks)

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