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Higher Human Biology Unit 2 > Unit 2.1 Gamete Production & Fertilisation > Flashcards

Unit 2.1 Gamete Production & Fertilisation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does sperm production take place

A

The testes

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2
Q

What is testosterone

A

A male sex hormone

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3
Q

Where is testosterone produced

A

The testes

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4
Q

What is sperm formed from

A

Germline cells in Seminiferous Tubules

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5
Q

What are between the seminiferous tubules

A

Interstitial cells

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6
Q

What do interstitial cells produce

A

Testosterone

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7
Q

How does testosterone move through the body

A

By passing directly into the blood stream

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8
Q

What physical factor of the sperm does fertilisation depend on

A

The motility of the sperm

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9
Q

What does motile mean

A

The sperm are capable of moving

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10
Q

What does motility require

A

A fluid medium & a source of energy

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11
Q

What does the prostate gland do

A

Secretes a milky fluid containing enzymes which keep the fluid thin (optimum viscosity)

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12
Q

What do seminal vesicles do

A

Secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose & prostaglandins

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13
Q

What is fructose

A

A respiratory substrate (sugar)

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14
Q

What does fructose do

A

Provides sperm with energy for movement of the sperm tail

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15
Q

What do prostaglandins do

A

Cause the female reproductive tract to contract, thus aiding sperm movement

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16
Q

What is semen

A

The collective name given to a fluid containing sperm from the testes, & fluid secretions from the seminal vesicles & prostate gland that maintain mobility & viability of the sperm

17
Q

What do seminal vesicles provide

A

Energy for sperm motility

18
Q

What are the 2 accessory glands

A

Prostate gland + Seminal vesicles

19
Q

Another word for eggs

A

Ova- pural ovum- single

20
Q

What are ova formed from + where

A

From germline cells in the female ovaries

21
Q

What is the only time a woman can get pregnant

A

Ovulation

22
Q

What is ovulation

A

When a mature ovum is released from the ovary, into the oviduct

23
Q

What is fertilisation

A

The fusion of the nuclei of the 2 haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote- that divides to form an embryo

24
Q

Where does fertilisation take place

A

In the oviduct if sperm are present

25
Q

What is each ovum surrounded by

A

A follicle

26
Q

What is a follicle & what does it do

A

A structure that protects the ovum & secretes hormones

27
Q

What is oestrogen

A

A female sex hormone

28
Q

What hormone does the follicle secrete

A

Oestrogen

29
Q

What does the follicle do after ovulation

A

It secretes progesterone, as well as oestrogen

30
Q

What is progesterone

A

A female sex hormone

31
Q

Why must the ovum be protected by a follicle

A

They are only produced once a month

Higher Human Biology Unit 2 (7 decks)

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