UNIT 2.2 Flashcards
chemotactic factors of neutrophils
- bacterial lipoteichoic acid
- c’peptide (complement peptide) - C5a
- leukotriene b4
- mast cell derived chemotactic peptide
- neutrophil chemotactic peptide (interleukin 8)
monocyte triggering factors
- transforming growth factor
- monocyte chemotactic protein 1- MCT1
- RANTES
- Macrophage inflammatory proteins
Substance present on a pathogenʼs cell wall
● Also LPS
● More on detection
bacterial lipoteichoic acid
By the WBC, but specifically Basophils and Mast Cells
● Attracts leukocyte to the site of infection
● Inflammatory granules of basophil and mast cells
leukotriene B4
TNF alpha
● Released by Macrophage and Mast Cell
● Activated macrophage to induce further inflammation and phagocytosis
● With IL1
○ Pyretic or pyrogenic - causes fever
transforming growth factor
Attracting monocyte to the site of infection
● TNFB
● Interferon gamma IFNy
macrophage inflammatory proteins
Attracting monocyte to the site of infection
● TNF-B
● Interferon gamma (IFNy)
macrophage inflammatory proteins
opsonin receptors
- FcyR-IgG
- CR1- C3B
- CRP Receptors
multilineage production of
hematopoietic stem cells
■ Also known as multilineage cytokine
■ Released by many cells esp by the
lymphocytes
■ Increase hematopoiesis once it
triggers the bone marrow
IL3
causes the bone marrow to
produce more cells needed by immune
cell that will trigger the release of cells
IL3
promotes maturation of T
and B cells in their respective organs
IL7
immature thymocytes
● Double negative thymocyte (from bone marrow) in the
cortex through gene rearrangement becomes double
positive (to mature) through IL7
Cortex
Those with high affinity with MHC molecules
are eliminated via apoptosis while moderate
affinity can mature
TRUE
mature T cells & APC
Medulla
Starts at the cortex and mature and
stay in the medulla
Double Negative Thymocytes
goes to the Secondary Lymphoid Organ
Mature t -cell
release
cytokines that target dendritic
cell activity.
Thymic corpuscles
Promotes the action of the
APCs
● Also known as Hassallʼs
corpuscle
THYMIC CORPUSCLES
Filters the lymph of impurities
● Provides an environment where immune cells can interact
with foreign agents
LYMPH NODE
B cell area
Also known as the Germinal Centers of the
lymph node
CORTEX
resting /naive cells
■ Fresh from the Bone Marrow
primary follicle
primed B cells
secondary follicle
T cell area
○ Also known as the deep cortical region of the
Lymph Node
○ Near the Blood Vessels
paracortex
Plasma cells
○ Near the vessels so antibodies produced can be
released immediately
medullary cord
Movement of lymphocytes from the blood to the
lymphoid organs and back to the blood.
lymphocyte recirculation
Protects the body from foreign antigens in the blood: remove effete
RBC, Immune complexes, Opsonized microbe from the circulation;
initiate interaction of immune cells to blood borne antigens.
spleen
Also known as the graveyard of blood cells
○ Because of its capability of pitting (biting) and
culling (killing)
SPLEEN
biting
pitting
killing
culling
House naive B cell and T cell and our APCs
spleen
Majority of B cells is here = antibody secretion is at PEAK
spleen
B cell area
marginal zone
T cell area
Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath PALS
Plasma cells
medullary cord
Houses a lot of B cell compared to lymph node
○ Antibody secretion is at peak
spleen
circulation and marginating pools
neutrophil
Blood circulation
monocyte
Frustrated phagocytosis
neutrophil
Sustained or Facilitated Phagocytosis
monocyte , macrophage
Enhances phagocytosis by making antigen big and recognizable
■ Immunoglobulin (antibodies)
■ Complement protein
■ Acute phase reactant
○ Causes phagocytosis
opsonin receptor
most potent APR
■ Affinity to the C polypeptide to the pneumococcal
■ Similar function as antibodies, they serve as opsonin
■ Capable of activation of complement proteins
CRP- C reactive proteins
This will further advance the inflammation
○ Final Product
○ Attaches to the cell wall of the pathogen
■ While in here, it creates pores. So if they are not eaten by pathogen, this complement
proteins will lyse the proteins
complement proteins
Neutralizes cell surface of pathogen
antibodies
Present
More sensitive in cytokines
monocyte + macrophages
important granule of neutrophil that
attacks the parasites
major basic protein
Smallest granulocytes
- Stimulate B cell to
produce antibodies
- Promoter of
inflammation (due to
granules)
- Seen in Blood
basophilm
- Resemble the basophils
(dark granules) - Origin of mast cells:
mesenchymal connective
tissue
mast cells
Professional Antigen Presenting Cells
● Most potent phagocyte
dendritic cells
Third Population Cells/Large Granular Lymphocytes
natural killer cells
No CD2 or TCR receptors but have similar
functions as Tc in which is the cytotoxic
reaction
○ Uses their perforin (pores) and granzymes
(grandy)
Primitive T Cytotoxic Cells
If may katabi siyang antibody-labeled cell →
NK will cause cytotoxic reaction
○ Recognizes the antibody-labeled cell like a
phagocyte
ADCC
Minority of the population can mature in the
thymus
TRUE
Majority of NK cells mature in bone marrow
TRUE
Killer Inhibitory Receptors Prevent; killing of self
KIR
binds to MHC Class I
CD94/NKG2A
INHIBITORY RECEPTORS
- KIR
- CD94/NKG2A
important CD marker that identifies NK cells
along with CD56
CD16
activation receptors
CD16
NKG2D
Both receptors bind to diseased and cancer cells - cells
producing stress proteins
TRUE
