Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Winter 2024 MSK 1 > Unit 2 Week 7 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of a LIGAMENT

A

Collagen fibers in longitudinal bundles with small cross links
- Epiligament layer
- Hypoceular: fibroblasts
- Hypovascular
- mechanoreceptors
- Intraarticular vs. Extraarticular
- Thickened bands in joint capsule or discrete cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epiligament layer

A

VASCULAR SUPPLY
- contains mostly fibroblasts
- Mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Deeper ligament are …

A

Less vascularized and less cellular than superficial layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intra-articular ligaments

A

WITHIN THE JOINT CAPSULE
Ex; ACL or PCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extraarticular layer

A

OUTSIDE OF THE JOINT CAPSULE
Ex: LCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Capsular Ligaments

A

They don’t present and look like a ligament it just looks like a capsule/thickened bands within the joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the functions of a ligament

A
  1. Structural= Holds skeleton together
  2. Motion Help guide joint motions/control amount of motion at a joint
  3. Limit joint excursion
  4. Restrain abnormal motions
  5. When on slack exhibit crimp = when the tissue is sort of scrunched up in the toe region and the slack is taken off when tension is applied to the ligament
  6. Viscoelastic tissue and exhibits viscoelastic properties they respond to time and history dependent mechanical behaviors or loads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do ligaments play a passive role?

A

technically they are inert but have a proprioceptive role and a passive role by structural types of tension as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Injuries to ligaments are called?

A

Sprains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the phases of Healing for LIGAMENTS

A
  1. hemorrhagic = hematoma in the gap, inflammatory recruitment
  2. Inflammatory= clearance of necrotic tissue, neovascularization, granulation tissue, recruitment of cells
  3. Proliferation= by 1st week fibroblasts arrive last, begin collagen and other protein production: by 2nd week original clot more organized capillary bundles collagen content and high but disorganized
  4. Remodeling= gradual decrease cells, matrix becomes dense and organized : normalize water content
    - Type 1:3 ratio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Strength of a ligament @
5 weeks-
6 months-
1 year-

A

5th week- some strength
6 months- 50% strength
1 year- 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which is less likely to heal ACL or MCL?

A

ACL is less likely to heal
- This is because it it encased in synovium and less likely to heal without surgery
- Intraarticular ligaments do not follow typical triphasic healing an timeframes
- Blood dissipates into synovium and a hematoma is prevented–> limiting arrival of growth factors and cytokines needed to mediate inflammation and healing

INTRAARTICULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the MCL more likely to heal?

A
  • Epiligament layer- highly vascular, cellular and sensory/proprioceptive nerves
  • Greater likelihood of healing without surgery
  • Follows triphasic healing time frames
    EXTRAARTICULAR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Grade 1 Ligament Injury

A

Tissue damage=
- fiber stretching or tearing

Clinical signs
- point tenderness
- mild swelling
- some joint stiffness
- no abnormal motion/laxity
- Mild ecchymosis

Implications
- Minimal function loss
- early return to training with some protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Grade 2 Ligament Injury

A

Tissue damage
- Some tearing, separation of fibers

Clinical Signs
- Tenderness
- effusion/hemarthrosis
- Stiffness
- Laxity and abnormal motion
- Moderate function loss

Implications
- tendency to recur
- modified immobilization
- Longer term instability - Arthritis risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Grade 3 Ligament injury

A

Tissue Damage
- Total Rupture

Clinical Signs
- Initial severe pain , then min/none
- Profusion swelling and ecchymosis
- marked laxity and abnormal motion
- Moderate loss of function

17
Q

Protective phase

A
  • control swelling and pain
  • relative rest versus complete immobilization
  • submaximal isometrics
  • pain free ROM(PROM, AAROM, AROM)
18
Q

What is the neutral zone of a joint?

A

Little to no resistance to movement

19
Q

What is an elastic zone of a joint ?

A

first barrier to motion encountered

20
Q

What is the plastic zone of a joint

A

permanent deformation may lead to injury

21
Q

what are normal barriers to joint movement ?

A
  • articular shape of bone and cartilage
  • restraining ligament tension
  • capsular tension
  • Muscle length
  • synovial fluid
22
Q

Hypomobile

A
  1. Internal derangement
  2. Arthrosis= break down of joint surfaces
  3. Ankylosis= bones fuse together
  4. Myofascial length = myofascial adhesion
  5. Effusion hemarthrosis= to much fluid
  6. Capsular
  7. neurodynamic tension

Management=
- manual therapy
- exercise to promote normal movement
- Medical intervention

23
Q

Laxity

A

state of more than typical motion present at a joint, though not a problem unless associated with symptoms

24
Q

Hypermobility =

A

Laxity + symptoms associate with inability to control joint during movement

25
Q

Flexability

A

Function of contractile tissue length/ resistance
- Can also be function of joint passive restraints. Related to amount of motion available an the ease or quality of joint motion

26
Q

Generalized Hypermobility

A
  • Multi-joint
  • Activity related, individual variability genetic disease
  • Beighton scale >4 +
27
Q

What is instability of a joint?

A
  • Loss of joint congruity in response to loading
  • INcreased ROM without adequate neuromotor control
  • Multifactorial
  • Altered arthrokinematics
  • Altered physiological motion
  • Functional interferes with function
28
Q

What are the components of joint stability?>

A
  1. Joint integrity= articular surfaces/congruity
  2. Muscle= static stability and dynamic stability
  3. Passive restraints= ligament, capsule, skin
  4. motor control = activation , magnitude, timing
29
Q

Hypermobility Management

A
  • Neuromuscular control
  • supporitve garments/orthotics
  • treat muscular stability
  • improve strength
  • retrain patterns of function
30
Q

DVT and what can a PT do?

A

Blood clot formed in deep veins commonly of the lower leg, if it breaks free it can lead to a pulmonary embolism (PE)

Risk factors=
1. age
2. bed rest
3. Immobility
4. distance traveled
5. major traumas
ecttt

PT role=
1. recognize signs and symptoms and refer out fast for medical testing and intervention
2. prevention of immobility; mobilization, exercise to promote circulation
3. monitoring anti-coagulant status; patients compliance with medications and monitoring lab values

31
Q

Physis=

A

epiphysial plate cartilage
growth plate

32
Q

Diaphysis=

A

Shaft
primary ossification center

33
Q

Epiphysis

A

the ends
secondary ossification center

34
Q

Metaphysis=

A

IN betweeen the epi and the dia- physes
part of the growth plate

35
Q

Apophysis

A

secondary ossification center
growth plate attachment of muscle

36
Q
A

Winter 2024 MSK 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions