Unit 2 Vocab - Population Flashcards
Activity Space
The area in which an individual moves about as he / she pursues regular, day-to-day activities.
Agricultural / Neolithic Revolution
The domestication of plants and animals meant that human beings created larger and more stable food sources, causing more people to survive and live longer.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
A disease that began in central Africa during the late 20th century and spread to many across the continent before the end of the century.
Arable Land
Land that is suited for agriculture.
Arithmetic Rate
A steady rate of change (ex. food supplies).
Arithmetic / Crude Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
Awareness Space
May be limited so that one’s knowledge of opportunity locations beyond the normal activity space is minimal (ex. poverty).
Birth Rates
The number of babies born per year per 1000 people.
Carrying Capacity
The number of people an area can support on a sustained basis.
Chain Migration
A stream of people out of an area as first movers communicate with people back home and stimulate others to follow later.
Circulation
A short-term, repetitive movement that occurs on a regular basis.
Critical Distance
The distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence willingness to travel.
Crude Birth Rate
The number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population.
Crude Death / Mortality Rate
The number of deaths in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population.
Death Rates
The number of deaths per year per 1,000 living people.
Demographic Momentum
The phenomenon that once a large base of young people grows beyond child-bearing age, the overall population will gradually decline.
Demographic Transition Theory
The theory that population patterns vary according to different levels of technological development, but all countries go through the same four stages.
Demographic Transition Theory STAGES
Stage 1: Low Growth
Stage 2: High Growth
STage 3: Moderate Growth
Stage 4: Low Growth
Demographic Equation
A summary of the population change over time in an area by combining both natural change and net migration.
Demography
The study of population.
Density
The number of people who live in a defined land area.
Dislocation
People who are forced from their homes due to ethnic strife, war, or natural disasters.
Distance Decay
The decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin.
Dot Maps
A map where each dot represents a certain number of people.
Doubling Rate
The length of time needed to double a population.
Emigration
The migration FROM a location.
Endemic
A disease regularly ocurring within an area or community.
Epidemiologic Transition / Mortality Revolution
The drop in death rates that became significant in the mid-19th century.
Ethnicity
The emphasis on one’s shared cultural heritage, such as language, religion, and traditions.
Exponential Growth
The exponential increase in a population.
Female Infanticide
The killing of newborn baby girls.
Forced Migration
The act of involuntary international migration.
Geometric Rate
Population growth that is illustrated by the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 . . .
Gravity Model
A measure of the interaction of places.
Immigration
The migration TO a location.
Industrial Revolution
A revolution that started in the latter half of the 18th century and ended during the 19th century; brought about major improvements in technology that created an unprecedented amount of wealth.
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths among infants under the age of one for every 1,000 live births in a given year.
In-Migration
There are more immigrants in a country compared to emigrants.
Intraregional
Migration within one region.
Interregional
Migration between regions.
Intervening Obstacles
Physical features that slow migration from one place to another.
Intervening Opportunity
Many who set out to move a long distance find good opportunities to settle before they reach their destinations.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a child can live to if the current mortality rates hold.
Linear Growth
Population growth that is illustrated by the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 . . .
Malthus, Thomas
A British economist who became the first critic to note that the world’s population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it.
Migration
A permanent move to a new location, either within a single country or from one country to another.
Migration Selectivity
The tendency for certain types of people to move; is influenced by age, education, and kinship / friendship ties.
Natural Increase
The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a specific time period.
Neo-Malthusians
People who fear that a large population size could lead to famine, disease, and environmental disasters.
Net-Migration Rate
The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants a country has within a given year.
One-Child Policy
A program instituted in China to limit their population overgrowth; included both incentives and penalties to assure couples produced only one child.
Out-Migration
More people emigrate from a country rather than immigrate to the country.
Overpopulation
The circumstance of too many people for the land to support.
Pandemic
A widespread epidemic.
Physiological Population Density
The pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food.
Population Concentrations
The management of the amount of people in a specific area.
Population Explosion
The trend of rapid population increases since 1750.
Population Geography
The number, composition, and distribution of human beings on Earth’s surface.
Population Pyramid
A graphical device that represents a population’s age and sex composition.
Push Factors
Factors that encourage people to move FROM the region they live in.
Pull Factors
Factors that encourage people to move TO the region they live in.
Race
A category composed of people who share the same biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important.
Ravenstein, Ernst
A British demographer who wrote 11 migration laws based on his study of internal migration in England during 1885.
Refugees
People who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their religion, race, nationality, or political opinions.
Restrictive Population Policies
Policies that range from toleration of officially banned means of birth control to the actual prohibition of large families in order to reduce the rate of natural increase in a population.
Space-Time Prism
A person’s limits for their day-to-day activities.
Spatial Interaction
The broad geographical term for the movement of people, ideas, and commodities within and between areas; can be through circulation or migration.
Stationary Population Level (SPL)
A stage of population growth where a population reaches a stationary growth rate.
Step Migration
Long-distance migration which is done in stages.
Total Fertility Rate
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (age 15 to 49).
Voluntary Migration
Migration that is voluntary.
Zero Population Growth
The absence of population growth in which equal birth and death rates create a stable human population.
