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AP Human Geography > Unit 2 Vocab - Population > Flashcards

Unit 2 Vocab - Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Activity Space

A

The area in which an individual moves about as he / she pursues regular, day-to-day activities.

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2
Q

Agricultural / Neolithic Revolution

A

The domestication of plants and animals meant that human beings created larger and more stable food sources, causing more people to survive and live longer.

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3
Q

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

A

A disease that began in central Africa during the late 20th century and spread to many across the continent before the end of the century.

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4
Q

Arable Land

A

Land that is suited for agriculture.

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5
Q

Arithmetic Rate

A

A steady rate of change (ex. food supplies).

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6
Q

Arithmetic / Crude Density

A

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

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7
Q

Awareness Space

A

May be limited so that one’s knowledge of opportunity locations beyond the normal activity space is minimal (ex. poverty).

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8
Q

Birth Rates

A

The number of babies born per year per 1000 people.

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9
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The number of people an area can support on a sustained basis.

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10
Q

Chain Migration

A

A stream of people out of an area as first movers communicate with people back home and stimulate others to follow later.

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11
Q

Circulation

A

A short-term, repetitive movement that occurs on a regular basis.

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12
Q

Critical Distance

A

The distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence willingness to travel.

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13
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A

The number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population.

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14
Q

Crude Death / Mortality Rate

A

The number of deaths in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population.

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15
Q

Death Rates

A

The number of deaths per year per 1,000 living people.

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16
Q

Demographic Momentum

A

The phenomenon that once a large base of young people grows beyond child-bearing age, the overall population will gradually decline.

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17
Q

Demographic Transition Theory

A

The theory that population patterns vary according to different levels of technological development, but all countries go through the same four stages.

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18
Q

Demographic Transition Theory STAGES

A

Stage 1: Low Growth
Stage 2: High Growth
STage 3: Moderate Growth
Stage 4: Low Growth

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19
Q

Demographic Equation

A

A summary of the population change over time in an area by combining both natural change and net migration.

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20
Q

Demography

A

The study of population.

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21
Q

Density

A

The number of people who live in a defined land area.

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22
Q

Dislocation

A

People who are forced from their homes due to ethnic strife, war, or natural disasters.

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23
Q

Distance Decay

A

The decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin.

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24
Q

Dot Maps

A

A map where each dot represents a certain number of people.

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25
Q

Doubling Rate

A

The length of time needed to double a population.

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26
Q

Emigration

A

The migration FROM a location.

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27
Q

Endemic

A

A disease regularly ocurring within an area or community.

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28
Q

Epidemiologic Transition / Mortality Revolution

A

The drop in death rates that became significant in the mid-19th century.

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29
Q

Ethnicity

A

The emphasis on one’s shared cultural heritage, such as language, religion, and traditions.

30
Q

Exponential Growth

A

The exponential increase in a population.

31
Q

Female Infanticide

A

The killing of newborn baby girls.

32
Q

Forced Migration

A

The act of involuntary international migration.

33
Q

Geometric Rate

A

Population growth that is illustrated by the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 . . .

34
Q

Gravity Model

A

A measure of the interaction of places.

35
Q

Immigration

A

The migration TO a location.

36
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

A revolution that started in the latter half of the 18th century and ended during the 19th century; brought about major improvements in technology that created an unprecedented amount of wealth.

37
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

The number of deaths among infants under the age of one for every 1,000 live births in a given year.

38
Q

In-Migration

A

There are more immigrants in a country compared to emigrants.

39
Q

Intraregional

A

Migration within one region.

40
Q

Interregional

A

Migration between regions.

41
Q

Intervening Obstacles

A

Physical features that slow migration from one place to another.

42
Q

Intervening Opportunity

A

Many who set out to move a long distance find good opportunities to settle before they reach their destinations.

43
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The average number of years a child can live to if the current mortality rates hold.

44
Q

Linear Growth

A

Population growth that is illustrated by the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 . . .

45
Q

Malthus, Thomas

A

A British economist who became the first critic to note that the world’s population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it.

46
Q

Migration

A

A permanent move to a new location, either within a single country or from one country to another.

47
Q

Migration Selectivity

A

The tendency for certain types of people to move; is influenced by age, education, and kinship / friendship ties.

48
Q

Natural Increase

A

The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a specific time period.

49
Q

Neo-Malthusians

A

People who fear that a large population size could lead to famine, disease, and environmental disasters.

50
Q

Net-Migration Rate

A

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants a country has within a given year.

51
Q

One-Child Policy

A

A program instituted in China to limit their population overgrowth; included both incentives and penalties to assure couples produced only one child.

52
Q

Out-Migration

A

More people emigrate from a country rather than immigrate to the country.

53
Q

Overpopulation

A

The circumstance of too many people for the land to support.

54
Q

Pandemic

A

A widespread epidemic.

55
Q

Physiological Population Density

A

The pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food.

56
Q

Population Concentrations

A

The management of the amount of people in a specific area.

57
Q

Population Explosion

A

The trend of rapid population increases since 1750.

58
Q

Population Geography

A

The number, composition, and distribution of human beings on Earth’s surface.

59
Q

Population Pyramid

A

A graphical device that represents a population’s age and sex composition.

60
Q

Push Factors

A

Factors that encourage people to move FROM the region they live in.

61
Q

Pull Factors

A

Factors that encourage people to move TO the region they live in.

62
Q

Race

A

A category composed of people who share the same biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important.

63
Q

Ravenstein, Ernst

A

A British demographer who wrote 11 migration laws based on his study of internal migration in England during 1885.

64
Q

Refugees

A

People who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their religion, race, nationality, or political opinions.

65
Q

Restrictive Population Policies

A

Policies that range from toleration of officially banned means of birth control to the actual prohibition of large families in order to reduce the rate of natural increase in a population.

66
Q

Space-Time Prism

A

A person’s limits for their day-to-day activities.

67
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

The broad geographical term for the movement of people, ideas, and commodities within and between areas; can be through circulation or migration.

68
Q

Stationary Population Level (SPL)

A

A stage of population growth where a population reaches a stationary growth rate.

69
Q

Step Migration

A

Long-distance migration which is done in stages.

70
Q

Total Fertility Rate

A

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (age 15 to 49).

71
Q

Voluntary Migration

A

Migration that is voluntary.

72
Q

Zero Population Growth

A

The absence of population growth in which equal birth and death rates create a stable human population.

AP Human Geography (4 decks)

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