Unit 2 Vocab Key Issues 1-4 Flashcards
Population and Migration
The ratio of the number of
farmers to the total amount of
land suitable for agriculture.
Agricultural Density
The total number of people
divided by the total land area.
Arithmetic Density
A complete enumeration of a
population.
Census
The portion of Earth’s surface
occupied by permanent human
settlement.
Ecumene
The number of people in an area
exceeds the capacity of the
environment to support life at a
decent standard of living.
Overpopulation
The number of people per unit of
area of arable land, which is land
suitable for agriculture.
Physiological Density
The total number of live births in
a year for every 1,000 people
alive in the society.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of deaths in a
year for every 1,000 people alive
in the society.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The process of change in a society’s
population from a condition of high
crude birth and death rates and low
rate of natural increase to a
condition of low crude birth and
death rates, low rate of natural
increase, and a higher total
population.
Demographic Transition
The scientific study of
population characteristics.
Demography
The number of years needed to
double a population, assuming a
constant rate of natural increase
Doubling Time
A series of improvements in
industrial technology that
transformed the process of
manufacturing goods.
Industrial Revolution
The average number of years an
individual can be expected to live,
given current social, economic, and
medical conditions. Life expectancy
at birth is the average number of
years a newborn infant can expect to
live.
Life Expectancy
Medical technology invented in
Europe and North America that is
diffused to the poorer countries of
Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
Improved medical practices have
eliminated many of the traditional
causes of death in poorer countries
and enabled more people to live
longer and healthier lives.
Medical Revolution
The percentage growth of a
population in a year, computed as
the crude birth rate minus the crude
death rate.
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The average number of children a
woman will have throughout her
childbearing years.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
A decline of the total fertility rate to
the point where the natural increase
rate equals zero.
Zero Population Growth
(ZPG)
The number of people under the age
of 15 and over age 64 compared to
the number of people active in the
labor force
Dependency Ratio
The number of working-age people
(ages 15-64) divided by the number
of persons 65 and older.
Elderly Support Ratio
Distinctive causes of death in each
stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiologic Transition
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
Epidemiology
The total number of deaths in a year
among infants under 1 year old for
every 1,000 live births in a society
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)
Maternal Mortality Rate
Disease that occurs over a wide
geographic area and affects a very
high proportion of the population
Pandemic
A bar graph representing the
distribution of population by age and sex.
Population Pyramid
The number of males per 100
females in the population
Sex Ratio
