Unit 2 Vocab (1660-1763) Flashcards
Proprietorship
Where all the land in a colony was owned by a single Lord Proprietor, and he could rule as he wished as long is it conformed loosely to England
Quakers
A group of people who condemned extravagance. Refused to pay taxes to English crown (migrated to America for this and other reasons) and were pacifists - also rejected Puritans ideas of a small group of elect, and had gender equality. Fairly liberal
Navigation Acts
A group of acts designed to reinforce British control of American shipping and give them more profit
Dominion of New England
Vast colony that stretched from Pennsylvania to Maine - created by James II by merging many colonies together. Designed to give British more colonial control - colonists hated it
Glorious Revolution
When James II was overthrown in a near bloodless coup - he openly became Catholic and had a Catholic heir. Also angered parliament by ignoring their wishes and doing his own thing
Constitutional Monarchy
Royal power is restricted - constitution and declaration of rights, parliament has more power. William III and Mary II were examples
Second Hundred Years’ War
The period from 1689-1815 when England was almost constantly involved in large European wars
Tribalization
Adaptation of stateless people to the demands placed on them by neighboring states - occurred among Native Americans during European colonization
Covenant Chain
The alliance between New York and the Iroquois Confederacy - became a model for Native American relations
South Atlantic System
The economic system between Europe, the West Indies, America, and Africa - slaves worked plantations, especially sugar, and sent crops of to Europe - made lots of money for plantation owners and European countries in control
Middle Passage
The slave route between Africa and the West Indies - horrendous conditions, many died (14%). It was the worst slave route
Stono Rebellion
The largest slave uprising in the US - slaves killed whites near the Stono River, but militia deployed and stopped them - showed the impossibility of rebellion, but plantation owners still feared them. Decreased slave imports and increased punishment
Gentility
The rich class of plantation owners who lived refined but elaborate lifestyles - imitated English gentry
Salutary Neglect
The relaxed supervision of colonial affairs - British were content to let the colonies run themselves so long as they received profits
Patronage
Giving offices and salaries to allies, and using bribery to create a strong, central political party (occured in Britain) - disliked by other British political parties, who complained they threatened liberties by creating an excess of officials
Land Banks
The system of using land of collateral for loans of paper money in the US - created due to a shortage of physical money
Tenancy
The system where a group of rich people own the farmland and tenants (renters) farm it for them - system of England in 1630s
Competency
The ability to keep a household solvent and independent - goal of New England migrants
Household Mode of Production
The system where families swapped labor and goods - recorded debits and credits and “balanced” the books every few years. Occurred among New England farmers
Squatters
People who settled illegally on land they didn’t own, and hoped to eventually acquire that land through legal means
Redemptioner
System created by German migrants - flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate their own terms upon arrival
Enlightenment
A European cultural movement that emphasized the power of human reasoning to understand and shape the natural world
Pietism
An evangelical Christian movement that stressed individual people’s relationship with God
Natural Rights
The rights people are guaranteed at birth - Locke believed these are the rights to life, liberty, and property
Deism
A way of thinking (not an established religion) that was influenced by the Enlightenment. Believed that God created the world and allowed it to operate by natural laws, but didn’t influence people’s lives
Revival
Renewal of religious enthusiasm - occurred in 1720s when German migrants carried Pietism to America
Old Lights
Conservative ministers who were passionless and condemned the “cryings out, fainting, and convulsions” at revitalist meetings - opposed the New Lights
New Lights
The side that started the Great Awakening - were evangelists who praised emotional worship that preached to the hearts, rather than the minds. Very passionate
Consumer Revolution
The industrial revolution that occurred in Britain - raised living standards, but placed many people (and even countries) in debt
Regulators
A group of landowning vigilantes in South Carolina who demanded the Eastern government provide the Western districts with more representation and fairer treatment - fearing rebellion, the Eastern assembly compromised
