Unit 2 Vocab (1660-1763)

Question 1

Proprietorship

Answer 1

Where all the land in a colony was owned by a single Lord Proprietor, and he could rule as he wished as long is it conformed loosely to England

Question 2

Quakers

Answer 2

A group of people who condemned extravagance. Refused to pay taxes to English crown (migrated to America for this and other reasons) and were pacifists - also rejected Puritans ideas of a small group of elect, and had gender equality. Fairly liberal

Question 3

Navigation Acts

Answer 3

A group of acts designed to reinforce British control of American shipping and give them more profit

Question 4

Dominion of New England

Answer 4

Vast colony that stretched from Pennsylvania to Maine - created by James II by merging many colonies together. Designed to give British more colonial control - colonists hated it

Question 5

Glorious Revolution

Answer 5

When James II was overthrown in a near bloodless coup - he openly became Catholic and had a Catholic heir. Also angered parliament by ignoring their wishes and doing his own thing

Question 6

Constitutional Monarchy

Answer 6

Royal power is restricted - constitution and declaration of rights, parliament has more power. William III and Mary II were examples

Question 7

Second Hundred Years’ War

Answer 7

The period from 1689-1815 when England was almost constantly involved in large European wars

Question 8

Tribalization

Answer 8

Adaptation of stateless people to the demands placed on them by neighboring states - occurred among Native Americans during European colonization

Question 9

Covenant Chain

Answer 9

The alliance between New York and the Iroquois Confederacy - became a model for Native American relations

Question 10

South Atlantic System

Answer 10

The economic system between Europe, the West Indies, America, and Africa - slaves worked plantations, especially sugar, and sent crops of to Europe - made lots of money for plantation owners and European countries in control

Question 11

Middle Passage

Answer 11

The slave route between Africa and the West Indies - horrendous conditions, many died (14%). It was the worst slave route

Question 12

Stono Rebellion

Answer 12

The largest slave uprising in the US - slaves killed whites near the Stono River, but militia deployed and stopped them - showed the impossibility of rebellion, but plantation owners still feared them. Decreased slave imports and increased punishment

Question 13

Gentility

Answer 13

The rich class of plantation owners who lived refined but elaborate lifestyles - imitated English gentry

Question 14

Salutary Neglect

Answer 14

The relaxed supervision of colonial affairs - British were content to let the colonies run themselves so long as they received profits

Question 15

Patronage

Answer 15

Giving offices and salaries to allies, and using bribery to create a strong, central political party (occured in Britain) - disliked by other British political parties, who complained they threatened liberties by creating an excess of officials

Question 16

Land Banks

Answer 16

The system of using land of collateral for loans of paper money in the US - created due to a shortage of physical money

Question 17

Tenancy

Answer 17

The system where a group of rich people own the farmland and tenants (renters) farm it for them - system of England in 1630s

Question 18

Competency

Answer 18

The ability to keep a household solvent and independent - goal of New England migrants

Question 19

Household Mode of Production

Answer 19

The system where families swapped labor and goods - recorded debits and credits and “balanced” the books every few years. Occurred among New England farmers

Question 20

Squatters

Answer 20

People who settled illegally on land they didn’t own, and hoped to eventually acquire that land through legal means

Question 21

Redemptioner

Answer 21

System created by German migrants - flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate their own terms upon arrival

Question 22

Enlightenment

Answer 22

A European cultural movement that emphasized the power of human reasoning to understand and shape the natural world

Question 23

Pietism

Answer 23

An evangelical Christian movement that stressed individual people’s relationship with God

Question 24

Natural Rights

Answer 24

The rights people are guaranteed at birth - Locke believed these are the rights to life, liberty, and property

Question 25

Deism

Answer 25

A way of thinking (not an established religion) that was influenced by the Enlightenment. Believed that God created the world and allowed it to operate by natural laws, but didn’t influence people’s lives

Question 26

Revival

Answer 26

Renewal of religious enthusiasm - occurred in 1720s when German migrants carried Pietism to America

Question 27

Old Lights

Answer 27

Conservative ministers who were passionless and condemned the “cryings out, fainting, and convulsions” at revitalist meetings - opposed the New Lights

Question 28

New Lights

Answer 28

The side that started the Great Awakening - were evangelists who praised emotional worship that preached to the hearts, rather than the minds. Very passionate

Question 29

Consumer Revolution

Answer 29

The industrial revolution that occurred in Britain - raised living standards, but placed many people (and even countries) in debt

Question 30

Regulators

Answer 30

A group of landowning vigilantes in South Carolina who demanded the Eastern government provide the Western districts with more representation and fairer treatment - fearing rebellion, the Eastern assembly compromised