Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
where people live in a geographic area
population distribution
spread out
dispersed
the long-term patterns of weather in a particular area
Climate
a climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts
temperate climate
the natural features of Earth’s surface
landforms
the permanent movement of people from one place to another
human migration
the number of people occupying a unit of land
population density
the total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density
arithmetic density
the total number of people per unit of arable land
physiological density
land that can be used to grow crops
arable land
the total number of farmers per unit of arable land
agricultural density
an agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock for only the farmers’ families and close community
subsistence agriculture,
the maximum population size an environment can sustain
carrying capacity
the number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (age 15 to 64), multiplied by 100
dependency ratio
the proportion of males to females in a population
sex ratio
data about the structures and characteristics of human populations
demographics
the ability to produce children
fertility
the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
crude birth rate (CBR)
the average number of children one woman in a given region will have during her child-bearing years (ages 15 to 49)
total fertility rate (TFR)
deaths as a component of population change
mortality
the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
crude death rate (CDR)
the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
infant mortality rate (IMR)
the average number of years a person is expected to live
life expectancy
a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population
population pyramid
rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate
rate of natural increase (RNI)
the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double
doubling time
urban growth and development
urbanization
the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life
overpopulation
describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth’s resources
Neo-Malthusian
a model that represents shifts in the growth of the world’s populations, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate
demographic transition model (DTM)
a model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death
epidemiological transition model (ETM)
describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth
antinatalist
describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth
pronatalist
long-term damage to the soil’s ability to support life
land degradation
