Chapter 5 Flashcards
all types of movement from one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances
mobility
temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis
Circulation
the permanent movement of people from one place to another
Human Migration
movement away from a location
emigration
movement to a location
immigration
the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country
net migration
a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation
gravity model
a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
push factor
a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
pull factor
type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place
voluntary migration
type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
forced migration
international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin
transnational migration
movement within a country’s borders
internal migration
a concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve
friction of distance
the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter
Transhumance
type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there
chain migration
series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
step migration
an occurrence that holds migrants back
intervening obstacle
an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
intervening opportunity
a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor
Guest workers
migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs
circular migration
a principle that describes how distance affects interactions between locations
distance decay
a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death
Refugees
the right to protection in a country
asylum
person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country’s borders
internally displaced
defined by the United Nations as “the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)”
Human trafficking
to return to one’s home country
repatriate
movement from one region of the country to another
interregional migration
movement within one region of the country
intraregional migration
limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
quotas
networks of relatives and friends
kinship links
a shortage of people trained in a particular industry
skills gap
money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country
remittance
the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another—often richer—country
brain drain
the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
relocation diffusion
