Unit 2: Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Languages Flashcards
+ In the Philippines, different languages are spoken
in each geographical location.
+ Example:
+ Cebuano : formal Cebuano, casual Cebuano,
Southern Leyteño Cebuano, “waya-waya”
Cebuano, etc.
Language Varieties
Language varieties
Pidgin
Creole
Dialect
Register
created so that two people, who do not have a
common tongue, can communicate with each
other to serve a purpose
Pidgin
A pidgin takes many years to become a ______
because a pidgin must be spoken as a first
language.
creole
+ is a group of Spanish-based creole
language varieties spoken in the Philippines
+ mostly spoken in Zamboanga City and
Christian-majority towns of Basilan, but is also
spoken in Cavite City and Ternate, and
previously in Ermita, Cotabato City, and Davao.
Chavacano or Chabacano [tʃabaˈkano]
a particular form of a language which is
peculiar to a specific region or social group
the regional _______ is otherwise called the
dominant language.
dialect
another type of dialect that is spoken by a small community, mostly ethnic groups. It is not widely spoken; thus, it acts as an identity marker for the community that
uses it.
Minority dialect
+ the level of formality of a language
+ It is essential to determine which register to
use for a specific audience in a context.
register
register
Frozen register
Formal Register
Consultative register
Casual register
Intimate register
+ type of register that does not change; it is
static
+ Examples:
- Anthems and Pledges -Marriage ceremonies
-Alma Mater song -Prayers like The Lord’s Prayer
- Laws unless amended
-Speeches for state
ceremonies
Frozen register
Language is standard - avoids slang and may
use technical or academic vocabulary.
+ The speaker uses complete sentences.
+ Is likely that the speaker will use fewer
contractions.
+ Used for most academic and scientific
publishing.
used for an audience and context that
demands a level of formality
+ used for formal occasions, involves a large
vocabulary of “educated” words
Formal Register
The normal style for speaking to strangers or
persons who are neither acquaintances nor
friends or relatives.
+ Two defining features:
+ The speaker supplies background information – he does not
assume that he will be understood without it; and
+ The listener participates continuously.
Consultative register
+ used to an audience where you share a
relationship with, like a friend, classmate, etc.
There is no restriction in terms of formality.
+ The word choice does not matter as well,
except when the context dictates otherwise.
Casual register
This register is reserved for close family
members such as parents and children and
siblings, or intimate people such as spouses.
Intimate register
Other classification of language registers
Formal Language Register
Informal Language Register
Neutral Language Register
