Lesson 1.3

Question 1

Global Communication

Answer 1

can be defined just as any communication can: a message is sent from one person or group to another anywhere in the world, which can be described as a five-step process:

(1) A person or an organization in one country sends a message.
(2) The message is encoded.
(3) The message travels through a channel or medium.
(4) The receiver in another country decodes the message.
(5) The recipient receives the message.

Question 2

Intercultural Communication

Answer 2

-the process of interpreting and sharing meanings with individuals from different cultures.

-the verbal and nonverbal interaction between people from different cultural
backgrounds

Question 3

FORMS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Answer 3

• Interracial Communication
• Interethnic Communication
• International Communication
• Intracultural Communication

Question 4

Interpreting and sharing of meanings with individuals from different races.

Answer 4

Interracial Communication

Question 5

Interactions with individuals of different ethnic origins.

Answer 5

Interethnic Communication

Question 6

Communication between persons representing different nations.

Answer 6

International Communication

Question 7

Interaction with members of the same racial or ethnic group or co-culture as yours

Answer 7

Intracultural Communication

Question 8

Manifestations of Culture

Answer 8

The differences in cultures of people are manifested in various ways and at different levels. Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (1997) identified these levels as symbols, heroes, rituals and
values.

Question 9

words, gestures, pictures, clothes, acts or objects that carry a particular meaning – which are recognized only by members of the same culture. Symbols easily develop and disappear. A culture’s symbols are easily imitated by other cultures.

Answer 9

Symbols

Question 10

past or present, real or fictitious personas who are respected and admired in a culture. They possess qualities that are highly valued by members of a culture. According to Deal and Kennedy (1982) the hero is a great motivator, the person everyone will depend on when beset with problems.

Answer 10

Heroes

Question 11

a collection of activities such as ways of greetings, paying respect to others, religious and social ceremonies. They hold social significance although often times they are acted out for their own sake.

Answer 11

Rituals

Question 12

the core of a culture. They consists of a
culture’s predilection between right and wrong, good and bad, likes and dislikes, and natural or unnatural. They are interconnected with what is moral or ethical standards of a culture.

Answer 12

Values

Question 13

Strategies of Interaction within a Culture

Answer 13

Accommodation
Acculturation
Assimilation
Integration
Separation
Marginalization

Question 14

Refers to the process by which individuals may take on values and beliefs of the host culture and accommodate them in the public sphere, whilenmaintaining the parent culture in the private sphere.

Answer 14

Accommodation

Question 15

a process through which a person or group from one culture comes to adopt the practices and values of another culture, while still retaining their own distinct culture”.

Answer 15

Acculturation

Question 16

Considered as the most extreme form of acculturation, the concept refers to “the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage adopt the cultural norms of a dominant or host culture, over their original culture”.

Answer 16

Assimilation

Question 17

This process occurs “when individuals are able to adopt the cultural norms of the dominant or host culture while maintaining their culture of origin.

Answer 17

Integration

Question 18

This strategy occurs “when individuals reject the dominant or host culture in favor of preserving their culture of origin

Answer 18

Separation

Question 19

This strategy occurs “when individuals reject both their culture of origin and the dominant host culture where cultural exclusion is promoted”

Answer 19

Marginalization

Question 20

Cultural Dialectics

Answer 20

Individualism VS. Collectivism
High-context vs. Low-context
High-power Distance vs. Low-power Distance
Masculine VS. Feminine Culture

Question 21

________ stresses individual goals and the rights of the individual person.

________ focuses on group goals, what is best for the collective group, and personal
relationships.

Answer 21

Individualism VS. Collectivism

Question 22

________ is a tradition-bound communication system which depends on indirectness
________ while low-context communication is a system that encourages directness in
communication.

Answer 22

High-context vs. Low-context

Question 23

________ have higher levels of inequality and are more willing to accept that without question.
________ cultures have lower levels of inequality and are less willing to accept unequal power distribution.

Answer 23

High-power Distance vs. Low-power Distance

Question 24

________ culture values aggressiveness, strength, and material symbols of success.
________ culture values tenderness and relationships.

Answer 24

Masculine VS. Feminine Culture

Question 25

Culture Influences Communication

Answer 25

Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism Melting pot philosophy Pluralism

Question 26

the tendency of a group of people to consider their culture as superior to all other cultures. It can lead them to give negative judgments on other cultures based on their own knowledge, values and behavioral norms. Ethnocentrism can also steer them to a failure in intercultural communication. Although it can be a barrier to successfully communicating interculturally to highly ethnocentric culture, it can be a challenge to improve intercultural competence among those with low ethnocentricity level.

Answer 26

Ethnocentrism

Question 27

the acceptance that all cultures are equal in value with one another despite their differences. It is an approach in avoiding giving judgments on other cultures as inferior to one’s own standards of right and wrong, bad and good or natural and unnatural. Because cultural relativism leads to understanding cultural practices of a group of people in their own context, it can show the way towards effective intercultural communication.

Answer 27

Cultural relativism

Question 28

pertains to the idea that different cultures will blend together and create one ultimate culture. The USA is often described as a melting pot of all races or all types of people who migrate to the country. It is an environment where many cultures or people, despite their assortment, assimilate to produce a new amalgam of culture and coexist as one strong homogenous American nation.

Answer 28

Melting pot philosophy

Question 29

refers to the acknowledgement of cultural relativism and promotion of respect for uniqueness and forbearance of diversity of cultures. Instead of creating a new hybrid of culture like in the melting pot theory, all cultures are allowed to co-exist with one another. For a successful intercultural communication to thrive in a pluralistic society, people need to understand and interact with others with different social and educational backgrounds, values, lifestyles, religious and political beliefs, behavioral norms, communication styles, etc.

Answer 29

Pluralism