Unit 2 - Types & Characteristics of Fixed-Income (Debt) Securities (Study Guide) Flashcards
“According to Standard & Poor’s rating system, the 4 highest grades of bonds (from best to lowest grade) are
A. Aaa; Aa; A; Baa.
B. A; Aa; Aaa; B.
C. B; A; AA; AAA.
D. AAA; AA; A; BBB.
“
D
Choice A would be correct if the question referred to Moody’s.
Which of the following statements regarding bond interest is true?
A. Bond prices have an inverse relationship to interest rates.
B. Bond prices have a direct relationship to interest rates.
C. The par value of a bond will increase as market interest rates fall.
D. The par value of a bond will decrease as market interest rates fall.”
A.
Explanation: Bond prices have an inverse relationship to interest rates. If interest rates go up, prices for those bonds trading in the secondary markets will go down. Conversely, if interest rates decline, bond prices rise. Par value is a fixed number for the life of the bond.
A bond would be considered speculative below which of the following Moody’s ratings?
A. A
B. Baa
C. BBB
D. Ba”
B
Explanation: A rating of Baa is the lowest investment-grade rating assigned by Moody’s. Any rating beneath this is considered speculative. If the question asked about Standard & Poor’s, then the correct choice would be BBB.
Corporate and municipal bonds are quoted as a percentage of par. What is: the Par Value? What is each bond point (%)? What are the fractions of Par (%)?
- Par Value is $1000
- Each Bond point is 1%
- Fractions are in 1/8
Example: A bond quoted at 90 1/4= $902.50 (90% * $1,000 = $900 + 1/4 * $10 [$2.50] = $902.50).”
Government bonds are quoted as a percentage of par. What is: the Par Value? What is each bond point ($)? What are the decimals of Par valued at?
- Par Value is $1000;
- Each Bond point is $10;
- Fractions are in 0.1 represents 1/32 of a point
Example: A government bond quoted at 101.24 = $1,017.50 (101% * $1,000 = $1,010 + 24/32 [which is 3/4] * $10 [$7.50] = $1,017.50).”
Solve for the conversion ratio as follows:
Par value: $1,000 Conversion price: $50 Conversion ratio: 20
$60
Explanation: The parity stock price is found by dividing $1,200 by 20. The parity price of the common is $60. That is, if one were to convert the bond when the 20 shares received have a market value of $60 each, the investor would have the same $1,200 as the market value of the bond.
RST debenture is convertible to common at $50 with a Conversion Ratio of 20. If the common is trading for $45, what is the parity price of the debenture?
Start by solving for the conversion ratio:
Par Value: $1000
Conversion Price: $50
Conversion Ration: 20
The debenture’s parity price is found by multiplying 20 × $45, which is $900. Using the percentage method, you can determine that the market price of the common stock is 10% below that of the conversion price (5 ÷ 50 = 10%). Reducing the debenture price of $1,000 by 10% results in a parity price of the debenture of $900.
What is nominal yield?
The interest stated on the face of the bond is called the nominal yield.
What is the interest stated on the face of the bond called?
Nominal Yield
What is Current Yield?
The current yield (%) is the return divided by the investment.
Bond prices and yields have what type of relationship (Inverse or Direct)?
Inverse. When bonds trade at a discount, the yield increases, and vice versa.
If a bond was bought at a discount, is the YTM higher or lower than the nominal yield (coupon rate) and the current yield?
The YTM of a bond bought at a discount is always higher than both the coupon rate (nominal yield) and the current yield.
What is the current yield of a 6% bond trading for 80 ($800)?
7.5%
Explanation: Find the solution as follows: $60 ÷ $800 = 7.5%. This bond is trading at a discount. When prices fall, yields rise. The current yield is greater than the nominal yield when bonds are trading at a discount.
If the bond has a YTC lower than its CY, it is trading at _______.
Premium
If the bond has a YTM and CY that are equal, the bond is trading at _________.
Par
If the bond has a YTM less than its YTC, the bond is trading at ________.
Discount
If a bond has a YTM greater than its coupon, the bond is trading at ______________.
Discount