Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Chemistry > Unit 2 Topic 5 Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Topic 5 Part 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

Define hydrocarbon

A

A molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define fossil fuels

A

Fossil fuels that have formed over millions of years from dead plants and animals. Examples include coal, crude oil and natural gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the bottom of a fractionating column hotter or colder than the top?

A

Hotter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which chemical is piped in at the bottom of a fractionating column?

A

Crude oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the size of the molecules of fractions as you move down the fractionating column?

A

They become thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define condensation

A

Change of state from a gas to a liquid on cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does LPG stand for ?

A

Liquid Petroleum Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the main environmental concerns associated with the petrochemical industry?

A

Transport of crude oil can result in spills or leaks.
Drilling for oil in the sea bed can result in leaks.
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas.

First two reasons can result in severe water pollution which harms and kills sea life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which element do all fossil fuels contain?

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When a fossil fuel burns, which gas does it give off?

A

Carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is wood a fossil fuel?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or false? Burning fossil fuels releases heat.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In order to burn fossil fuels, what element do you need?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define homologous series

A

A family of organic compounds which have the same general formula and similar chemical properties, and differ by a gradual change in physical properties and a CH2 unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the general formula for the alkanes?

A

C(n)H(2n+2) - where n is the number of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What trait do all alkanes have in common?

A

They are all hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the first four members of the alkanes.

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give the molecular formula of Methane

A

CH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give the molecular formula of Ethane

A

C2H6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give the molecular formula of Propane

A

C3H8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Give the molecular formula of Butane

A

C4H10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which state of matter are all of the alkanes at room temperature?

A

Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of bond is present in all alkanes between all the atoms?

A

Single covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can we refer to the alkanes as?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do the alkanes not have, which makes them less reactive?

A

A functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can we identify a particular alkane?

A

Identify the number of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Each carbon in an alkane has how many bonds?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If the number of carbon atoms increases, what happens to the boiling point?

A

It increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hydrocarbons are mainly used as what?

A

Fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The burning of a substance in air

A

Combustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does combustion involve the reaction of, and what does it form?

A

Oxygen with the fuel, to form oxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Is combustion an oxidation or reduction reaction?

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is combustion an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

General equation for complete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

35
Q

General equation for incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen –> carbon monoxide + water + energy

36
Q

In a combustion reaction, what kind of flame does the gas burn with?

A

The gas burns with a clear blue flame

37
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble through limewater which will turn milky white

38
Q

Name the substance in coal gas which is toxic.

A

Carbon monoxide

39
Q

Name an energy source used to make many organic chemicals, including plastics

A

Crude oil

40
Q

Bond breaking requires energy and is …

A

endothermic

41
Q

Bond making gives out energy and is …

A

exothermic

42
Q

The alkenes are all …

A

hydrocarbons

43
Q

Give the molecular formula of ethene

A

C2H4

44
Q

Give the molecular formula of propene

A

C3H6

45
Q

General formula of the alkenes

A

C(n)H(2n)

46
Q

Alkenes must have at least one of these between two of the carbon atoms

A

Double covalent bond

47
Q

Alkenes can be described as …

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons

48
Q

Unsaturated

A

Refers to compounds with a double bond

49
Q

Saturated

A

Refers to compounds without a double bond

50
Q

What can alkenes be used to make?

A

Polymers

51
Q

Each alkene has how many bonds around each carbon atom?

A

4

52
Q

How can we distinguish an alkane from an alkene?

A

Shake the hydrocarbon with bromine water (brown solution)

53
Q

What does the bromine do when shook with an alkene?

A

The bromine adds across the double bond of the alkene to produce a halogenoalkane.

54
Q

Observation after shaking an alkane with bromine water

A

Stays orange

55
Q

Observation after shaking an alkene with bromine water

A

Turns from orange to colourless

56
Q

What state are ethene and propene at room temperature?

A

Gas

57
Q

Why is there no member of the alkenes with just one carbon atom in the molecule?

A

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which means there must be a double bond. A double bond can’t exist between carbon and hydrogen, only between two carbons.

58
Q

How are different fuels separated from each other by fractional distillation?

A

Boiling points and the number of carbon atoms in each molecule

59
Q

Name two chemicals that ethene can be used in the manufacture of.

A

Polythene and ethanol

60
Q

Ethene may be burned as a …

A

fuel

61
Q

Give two uses of polythene

A

Plastic bags and cling film

62
Q

Name three products obtained from crude oil

A

Petrol, kerosine and refinery gas

63
Q

Renewable resources

A

Renewable resources are continuously supplied by nature as they are used by consumers.

64
Q

Give two examples of renewable resources

A

Wind and solar energy

65
Q

Non-renewable resources

A

Fuels that are finite and can’t be replaced once they are used up

66
Q

What are chemicals obtained from crude oil known as?

A

Hydrocarbons

67
Q

Briefly describe crude oil

A

Crude oil is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which includes dissolved gases and solids

68
Q

Give the names of three fractions obtained from a fractionating column after crude oil is piped into the bottom

A

Petrol/gasoline, bitumen and refinery gas

69
Q

Use of refinery gas

A

Fuel for gas ovens

70
Q

Use of petrol

A

Fuel for vehicles

71
Q

Use of kerosine

A

Jet engines

72
Q

Use of diesel oils

A

In diesel engines

73
Q

Use of fuel oil

A

Fuel for ships

74
Q

Use of lubricating oil

A

Lubricants

75
Q

Use of tar (bitumen)

A

Asphalt on roads

76
Q

Describe the separation of crude oil by fractional distillation

A

Heated crude oil is piped in at the bottom of the fractionating column. Crude oil is heated to cause continual evaporation followed by condensation. Various fractions are tapped off at different levels where they condense.

77
Q

What is the functional group of a molecule?

A

The reactive group of the molecule

78
Q

Natural gas is mainly …

A

Methane

79
Q

Bottled gas is …

A

Propane/butane

80
Q

An experiment to distinguish between cyclohexane and cyclohexene (determining the presence of a C=C bond)

A
  1. Measure out 2cm3 of cyclohexane and put it into a labelled test tube.
  2. Measure out 2cm3 of cyclohexene and put it into a labelled test tube.
  3. Add 1cm3 of bromine water to each test tube and using a bung, shake both
  4. Write down your observations.
81
Q

Results of experiment to distinguish cyclohexane from cyclohexene.

A

Cyclohexane - bromine water stays orange

Cyclohexene - bromine water changes from orange to colourless

82
Q

General formula of the alcohols

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

83
Q

General formula of carboxylic acids

A

C(n)H(2n+1)COOH

84
Q

Why is it important to make the extraction of crude oil more efficient?

A

World reserves of crude oil are running out fast, and crude oil provides to us a wide range of useful substances that we cannot do without.

GCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions