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GCSE Chemistry > Unit 1 Topic 1 Elements Compounds And Mixtures > Flashcards

Unit 1 Topic 1 Elements Compounds And Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Element

A

An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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2
Q

Define Compound

A

A compound is a substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically combined.

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3
Q

Define Atom

A

An atom is the simplest particle of an element that can exist on its own in a stable environment.

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4
Q

Define Molecule

A

A molecule is a particle that consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

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5
Q

What does ‘diatomic’ mean?

A

Diatomic refers to elements which exist as molecules containing two identical atoms covalently bonded.

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6
Q

In a particle diagram, a pure substance has only…

All formations will look the…

A

In a particle diagram, a pure substance has only one kind of particle.
All formations will look the same.

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7
Q

A mixture has … kinds of particle

A

A mixture has two or more different kinds of particle.

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8
Q

Name two semi-metals.

A

Two semi-metals are silicon and germanium.

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9
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Thermal conductivity is the ability to conduct heat.

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10
Q

Name a good thermal conductor.

A

Copper is a good thermal conductor.

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11
Q

What is electrical conductivity?

A

Electrical conductivity is the ability to conduct electricity.

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12
Q

Name a good electrical conductor.

A

Silver is a good electrical conductor.

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13
Q

Name a compound that does not conduct electricity.

A

Polythene is a compound that does not conduct electricity.

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14
Q

What is ductility?

A

Ductility is the ability to be drawn into wires.

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15
Q

Name a ductile element.

A

Copper is ductile.

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16
Q

Define malleability.

A

Malleability is the ability to be hammered into shape without breaking.

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17
Q

Name a malleable element.

A

Iron is a malleable element.

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18
Q

Define melting point.

A

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid on heating.

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19
Q

Name an element with a high melting point.

A

Iron is an element with a high melting point.

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20
Q

Name an element with a low melting point.

A

Chlorine is an element with a low melting point.

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21
Q

Define sonority.

A

Sonority is the ability to ring when struck.

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22
Q

Name a sonorous alloy.

A

Brass is a sonorous alloy.

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23
Q

Define alloy.

A

An alloy is a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements.

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24
Q

Describe the melting point of metals.

A

The melting point of metals is high except group 1 metals which have low melting points.

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25
Q

Describe the electrical conductivity of non-metals.

A

The electrical conductivity of non-metals is poor except graphite which conducts electricity.

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26
Q

Describe the melting point of non-metals.

A

Non-metals have a low melting point except diamond and graphite which have high melting points.

27
Q

Define Mixture.

A

A mixture consists of two or more substances mixed together which are usually easy to separate.

28
Q

Define solute.

A

A solute is a solid that dissolves.

29
Q

Define solvent.

A

A solvent is the liquid in which the solute dissolves.

30
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is a mixture of the solute dissolved in the solvent.

31
Q

Give two substances which are miscible.

A

Alcohol and water are miscible.

32
Q

Give two substances which are immiscible.

A

Oil and water are immiscible.

33
Q

What is filtration used to do?

A

Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

34
Q

Draw the filtration diagram.

A

Labels: filter funnel, filter paper, residue, filtrate, conical flask.

35
Q

What is Recrystallisation used to do?

A

Recrystallisation is used to separate a solute from a solution.

36
Q

Draw the diagram for Recrystallisation.

A

Labels: evaporating basin, gauze, tripod, heatproof mat, solution, Bunsen burner

37
Q

What technique could you use to separate salt from salt solution?

A

Recrystallisation could be used to separate salt from salt solution.

38
Q

What is a separating funnel used for?

A

A separating funnel is used to separate immiscible liquids based on a difference between the densities of the two liquids.

39
Q

In a separating funnel, the more dense liquid is…

A

In a separating funnel, the more dense liquid is the bottom layer.

40
Q

Draw a labelled diagram of a separating funnel.

A

Labels: stopper, oil, water, tap, separating funnel

41
Q

What does Dalton’s Atomic Theory suggest?

A

Dalton’s Atomic Theory suggests that everything is made of minute particles called atoms.

42
Q

What is simple distillation used to do?

A

Simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution (e.g. Water from salt solution) or to separate miscible liquids (e.g. Ethanol and water) based on a difference in their boiling points.

43
Q

Study the diagram for simple distillation

A

Not required to draw, only label.

44
Q

What is the purpose of anti-bumping granules?

A

Anti-bumping granules are placed in the flask to promote smooth boiling.

45
Q

Where should the bulb of the thermometer be located?

A

The bulb of the thermometer should be located at the junction of the still head.

46
Q

If a liquid is flammable, what should you use to heat the flask, instead of a Bunsen burner?

A

If a liquid is flammable, for example ethanol, a water bath should be used to heat the flask instead.

47
Q

What is the boiling point of ethanol?

A

The boiling point of ethanol is 79 degrees Celsius.

48
Q

What is fractional distillation used to do?

A

Fractional distillation is used to separate miscible liquids, crude oil, or liquid air based on a difference in boiling points and it is used on liquids with boiling points which are close together.

49
Q

Define a Fraction

A

Distillations collected at different temperatures are called fractions.

50
Q

Study the diagram for fractional distillation.

A

You don’t need to draw it, only label it.

51
Q

What is magnetism used to do?

A

Magnetism is used to separate a magnetic substance from a non-magnetic substance.

52
Q

Give an example of two substances which could be separated using magnetism.

A

Iron and sulphur are two substances which could be separated using magnetism.

53
Q

How can we prove that a chemical reaction forms to create a new substance?

A

We can prove a chemical reaction creates a new substance, because when iron and sulphur react they form iron (II) sulphide which is not magnetic.

54
Q

What does HPLC stand for?

A

HPLC = High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

55
Q

What is the label on the y-axis for HPLC?

A

The y axis label for HPLC is Detector Signal

56
Q

What is the label on the x axis for HPLC?

A

The label on the x axis for HPLC is retention time

57
Q

Give advantages and disadvantages of HPLC

A

HPLC is faster and provides better separation than other chromatography methods, however it is expensive and requires trained staff.

58
Q

What is mass spectronomy?

A

Mass spectronomy is a technique that measures the masses of the particles in a substance.

59
Q

Mass spectronomy can be used with both…

A

Mass spectronomy can be used with both elements and compounds.

60
Q

What is the y axis label on a mass spectrum?

A

The y axis label on a mass spectrum is Relative Abundance.

61
Q

What is the x axis label on a mass spectrum?

A

The x axis label on a mass spectrum is Mass.

62
Q

Look at how average RAM can be calculated from a mass spectrum.

A

E.g. Chlorine - popular

63
Q

Give advantages and disadvantages of mass spectronomy.

A

The sample can be very small, however the equipment is expensive and trained staff are required to operate it.

GCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

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