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AP Computer Science > Unit 2-the internet > Flashcards

Unit 2-the internet Flashcards

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1
Q

Computing Device

A

a machine that can run a program, including computers,tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

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2
Q

Computing system

A

a group of computing devices nad programs working together for a common purpose

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3
Q

computing network

A

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

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4
Q

path

A

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

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5
Q

bandwidth

A

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

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6
Q

protocol

A

an agreed upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

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7
Q

IP address

A

the unique number assigned to each device on the internet

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8
Q

router

A

a type of computer that forwards data across a network

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8
Q

internet protocol (IP)

A

a protocol for sending data across theh internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

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9
Q

redundancy

A

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

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10
Q

fault tolerant

A

can continue to function even in the recent of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups

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11
Q

HTTP

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol- the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet

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12
Q

ternet

A

a computing network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open ( non-proprietary) communication protocols

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13
Q

Packet metadata

A

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message

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14
Q

routing

A

the process of finding a path from sender to receiver

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15
Q

UDP

A

a protocol used on the internet for fast transmission of information but with minimal error checking

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16
Q

World Wide Web

A

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

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17
Q

Router

A

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

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18
Q

Certificate authority

A

issues digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communications and are based on a trust model

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19
Q

digital divide

A

differing access to computing devices and the internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

20
Q

How many bits are in an IPv4 address?

A

32

21
Q

How many bits are in an IPv6 IP address?

A

64

22
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission control protocol

23
Q

What does UDP stand for

A

User datagram protocol

24
Q

How does TCP work?

A

TCP works by doing error-checking on the part of the receiver to ensure all packets were received and properly ordered. If not, then a GET request is sent to retrieve the missing data.
-it NUMBERS packets so they can be retrieved in the correct order

25
Q

Datastream

A

Information passed through the internet in packets

26
Q

What does DNS stand for?

A

Domain name system

27
Q

What is DNS?

A

the service that translates URLS/web addresses into IP addresses
-it is a network of servers

28
Q

server

A

a computer that awaits and responds to requests for data

29
Q

client

A

a computer that requests data stored on a server

30
Q

To/from address

A

like an IP address, included on every message sent over the internet

31
Q

dropped messages

A

poorly formed messages that cannot be delviered

32
Q

multiple hops

A

a message traveling across the internet will visit as many routers as each tries to forward it along the most efficient path to its destination

33
Q

net neutrality

A

a legal debate about the principle that internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites

34
Q

scalability

A

the internet’s design that allows it to grow indefinitely.

35
Q

Koan 1- It’s all about bits

A

All activity on a computer is powered by bits.
Although all activities online use bits, not all uses of bits are governed the same way; certain programs have different regulations than others, despite them more or less operating in the same fashion.

36
Q

Koan 2 -perfection is normal

A

the odds of an erroneous bit are lower than the odds of a physical catastrophe. In other words, computers rarely make mistakes in their operation.
networks check to see if errors were created in bits during transmission.
This is dangerous because perfect copies can be created of music, art, and other forms of intellectual property.

37
Q

Koan 3-There is want in the midst of plenty

A

Because data is becoming digital. physical data is being lost
data stored on obsolete devices ceases to exist
If information can’t be found quickly online, we are quick to assume it doesn’t exist.
This wealth of information online leads to misinformation and disinformation.

38
Q

Koan 4-Processing is power

A

The speed of a computer is measured by the number of asic operations that it can perform in one second.
Computers are becoming exponentially faster as the result of chips and processor advancements. These advancements are also making computers more affordable.

39
Q

Koan 5-More of the same can be a whole new thing

A

computers can be described as exponential growth. Initially, the advancement of computers increased steadily, but only in the 21st century has advancement become drastic and noticeable.
Bits have taken the job of many people in the tech industry.

40
Q

Koan 6-Nothing goes away

A

Loyalty programs pay customers to collect data about their buying patterns, which can help them modify their supply chains to maximize profit.
Key cards at hotels track our whereabouts and give the data to the parent company.
This has increased potential for research, but also for disaster, as this data can be stolen.

41
Q

Koan 7-Bits move faster than thought

A

News travels faster, and people can share their experiences and find communities on the internet.
totalitarian governments shut down the internet if surveillance fails to regulate the people.
national and state borders are still enforced on the internet.
Some countries are pushing for laws that erase the data of an event, or of a person’s misdeed, from the internet.

42
Q

cookie

A

text file stored on the client computer and they are kept for data storage purposes

43
Q

What layers are the internet are considered higher levels of abstraction

A

HTTP, DNS

44
Q

what layers of the internet are considered low levels of abstraction

A

IP, TCP/UDP

45
Q

What is the hierarchy of layers of the internet abstraction (lowest to highest)

A

physical network, IP, TCP and UDP, DNS, and HTTP

46
Q

What considerations do routers take into account when sending messages along the internet?

A

-The most “time inexpensive/”, efficient path
-this is related to site traffic, politics between network companies, and relationships between network companies

47
Q

How does TCP/UDP transmit information

A

it creates packets from data and transfers control to IP for routing

48
Q

What is IP repsonsible for?

A

IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination.

AP Computer Science (4 decks)

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