Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards
Scientists study the inside of the Earth using ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ evidence that could be collected by a geologist.
Direct evidence can be observations of rocks.
Give an example of ‘indirect’ evidence that could be collected by a geologist.
Indirect evidence can be seismic waves produced by an earthquake.
Which layer of the earth is the largest?
Mantle
There are two different types of crust that make up the Earths outer thin surface. What are they?
Continental Crust & Oceanic Crust
The core of the Earth is broken down into an inner core and the outer core. They are both made up of iron and nickel. How are the two layers different?
- The inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel. it is denser.
- The outer core is made up of liquid iron and nickel. It moves and causes the Earths magnetism.
Which layer within the mantle is solid, but able to move slowly?
Asthenosphere.
As depth inside the Earth increases, what happens to temperature and pressure?
They both increase
What evidence did Alfred Wegener have for his Theory of Continental Drift?
Evidence of past climate change, the continents fit together like puzzle-pieces, fossil correlation.
What did Alfred Wegener name his ‘super continent’?
Pangea
How is the theory of Plate Tectonics different from the Theory of Continental Drift?
Plate tectonics is able to describe WHY the continents are moving. it states that convection currents in the mantle are causes the plates to move on the surface.
Continental Drift has evidence but could not describe convection currents.
What is the Ring of Fire? Describe where it is located.
Ring of Volcanoes and Earthquakes that surround the Pacific Ocean. It is the most active volcanic region in the world.
Organize the following vocabulary terms into the correct charts below. Use the diagram below of plate tectonics to help you. Earthquakes, Mountain building, Faults, Mid-ocean ridges, Rift valleys, Subduction zone, trenches,
Coastal volcanoes.
Divergent Boundaries
- Mid ocean Ridges
- Rift Valleys
Convergent Boundaries
- Mountain Building
- Subduction Zones
- Trenches
- Coastal volcanoes
Transform Boundaries
- Earthquakes
- Faults
Label the three tectonic plates:
<— —->
—> <—
—>
<—
<— —-> = Divergent
—><— = Convergent
—> = Transform
<—
What causes Earthquakes?
Movement & the tectonic plates
What do earthquakes release when they occur?
Seismec Waves
What is the focus of an earthquake?
it’s the starting point of an earthquake underground.
What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
When the earthquake is the strongest on the surface.
What three parts of the United States have very active tectonic activity?
The west coast of the USA, Alaska, & Hawaii.
Why do these areas have active tectonic activity?
Alaska & the West Coast are over plate boundaries & Hawaii is over a hotspot.
What is a tsunami?
A big wave or surge of seawater
What causes a tsunami?
Earthquakes underwater.
What should an individual do if there is an approaching tsunami?
Go to higher ground
What type of rock forms from the cooling of molten lava or magma?
igneous rock
What type of rock forms from sediments that are compressed and cemented together?
Sedimentary Rock
What type of rock forms from heat and pressure?
Metamorphic
If lava cools quickly, what happens to the size of the crystals in the rock that forms?
Very small, no crystals
if magma cools slowly, what happens to the size of the crystals in the rock that forms?
They are very large.
Definition of weathering
Rocks get broken down into smaller pieces
Definition of Erosion
the movement of sediment
Definition of Deposition
Sediments get deposited into a layer or pile.
Definition of Compaction
Sediments get pressed together.
Definition of Cementation
Sediments get naturally glued together form minerals
How does an igneous rock become a metamorphic rock?
heat & pressure
how does a metamorphic rock become an igneous rock?
melting & cooling
How does an igneous rock become a sedimentary rock?
Weathering Erosion
Deposition Compaction Cementation
How does a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?
Heat & pressure
How old is the Universe?
13.8 Billion years old
How old is earth?
4.5 Billion years old
Describe the ‘Birth of the Universe.’ What is the name of the Theory that scientists accept for this phenomenon
Big Bang Theory
Compare the Milky Way Galaxy to the Solar System
The Milky Way Galaxy has billions of stars and the solar system has one star.
Jupiter and Mars appear to be the same size in the night sky through the telescope. Why?
Jupiter is very far so it appears to be the same size.
List the objects in order from smallest to largest
Hubble Telescope > Moon > Saturn > Sun > Pleiades star clusters > Milky way > Hubble view of many galaxies
What was the cold war?
a period of tension between the USA and the USSR after World War 2 that did not involve actual fighting.
How did the Cold War fuel the start of the Space Race?
Both nations were competing against each other to be a World leader. it was fueled by the buildup of nuclear arms race, espionage, and the launch of Sputnik, the World’s first satellite.
Briefly describe 4 achievements of the United States or the Soviet Union during the Space Race.
First to put a man on the moon- USA
First to launch a satellite- USSR
First to launch a human into space- USSR
First to launch a animal into space- USSR
Define ‘Astronomer’
Someone who studies space or celestial objects
Define ‘Big Bang Theory’
The theory that explains the brith of the universe.
Define ‘Gravity’
the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.
Define ‘Rotation’
The spinning of Earth on its Axis. It takes 24 hours.
Define ‘Revolution’
The movement of earth around the sun. It takes one year.
Define ‘Nebulae’
A cloud of dust and gases that eventually form a star.
Define ‘Milky way galaxy’
The name of our galaxy which includes billions of stars, other celestial objects, and our solar system.
Define the ‘Universe’
Everything in space including millions of galaxies, stars, solar systems, and other celestial objects.
What would happen to human without long term gravity.
They would lose bone and muscle mass. they could also be exposed to high amounts of radiation from the sun.
Gravity is affected by what two variables?
Mass and Distance.
Everything with ___ has gravity
Mass
The _____ mass an object has; the ___ gravity will have too.
more
Why does Jupiter have more gravity than our planet (Earth?)
Jupiter has more gravity because it has more mass.
The ____ you are from the source of gravity; the ___ of gravity you will feel.
Farther; less
What is the difference between rotation and revolution?
Rotation is the spinning of earth on its axis and revolution is the movement of earth around the sun. Rotation rakes one day. Revolution takes a year.
The earth ____ on its axis
rotates
The earth ___ around the sun
revolves
The moon ___ on its axis
rotates
The moon ____ around the sun
revolves
What is the tilt of earth’s axis?
23.5 degrees
What is the cause of the seasons?
The tilt of the earth on its axis as it revolves around the sun.
