Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Why did ranchers see barbed wire as a threat?
Because it prevented the ranchers livestock from roaming
Homestead Act
Law passed that allowed to claim up to 160 acres of land
Dry Farming
Planting seeds deep in the ground , where there is enough moisture for them to grow
Dawes Act
Dissolved reservations and allowed each household 160 acres of land for farming and granted citizenship for living 5 years on land
Haciendas
Huge ranches that covered thousands of acres
Killing of buffalo(why did the army encourage it?)
Buffalo was the Natives main source of food. Killing the buffalo forced them onto the reservations.
Laissez- faire economics
“Let the people do as they choose”, state and federal governments kept taxes and spending low. They did not impose costly regulations on industry or try to control wages and prices.
Congress and tariffs
High taxes on foreign goods, then people will buy cheaper goods
Morrill Tariff (who was hurt most)
Bill passed through congress during Civil War that nearly tripled tariffs. Which then other countries raised their prices on good, this hurt American companies
Government and transcontinental RR
Joined railroads at Promontory, Utah, 1774 miles of track was laid. Pacific Railway Act expanded the construction of railroads
Vertical Integration
Combining of companies that supply equipment and services needed for a particular industry
Horizontal Integration
Combining of many firms engaged in the same type of business into one corporation
Deflation
Decline in the volume of available money or credit results in lower prices and increases the buying power of money
Standardized Time Zones
A geographic region in which the same standard time is kept
Credit Mobilier scandal
A construction company set up by several stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad
Monopoly
When a single company achieves control of an entire market
Lockout
Workers formed unions, companies would lock workers out and refuse to pay them
Gross National Product
The total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year
How did employers view unions?
Thought they were trying to take over the government
Why did unions oppose immigration?
They believed immigrants would work for low wages
What effect did technology have on crop prices?
Caused prices to fall
William “Boss” Tweed
Leader of Tammy Hall
Social Gospel
Better conditions in the cities, biblical ideals of charity and justice
Nativism
Hostility toward immigrants
Political Machines
Informal Political group designed to gain and keep power
Graft
Acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician
Individualism
The thought that no matter what a person’s background is he or she can still become successful
Social Darwinism
States that humans have developed through competition and natural selection with only the strongest surviving, based on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection
Tammy Hall
A New York City Democratic Political machine, under the leadership of William “Boss” Tweed
Why did Chinese immigrants come to the U.S.? What did they work on?
Chinese came to the U.S. to escape unemployment, poverty, and famine. They worked on the transcontinental RR
Ellis Island and Angel Island
Ellis island is where European immigrants arrived at and Angel island is where Asian immigrants arrived.
Andrew Carnegie
Poor immigrant, turned steel tycoon instituted vertical integration
Karl Marx
Believed capitalism relied on class struggle and eventually workers would revolt and take over the government
W.E.B DuBois vs. Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington: former slave who advocated for African Americans to prepare themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality
W.E.B. DuBois: Highly educated Northern African American who believed that African Americans should demand equal treatment and voting rights
George Custer
Battle of Little Bighorn, government responded by sending lieutenant colonel to force natives back to reservation
Henry Comstock
Discovered silver in Nevada
Thomas Edison
Inventor with over 1000 patents including phonograph, lightbulb, generator, improved battery
John D. Rockefeller
Business man who invested in oil refineries after the first oil well was dug in Pennsylvania. Instituted horizontal integration
Alexander Granham Bell
Scottish immigrant who in 1874 invented the telephone
Mark Twain
Incomparable American genius, author
