Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Why is the Supreme Court case of Baker vs. Carr significant?
It showed the limitations of how boundaries can be drawn and was the first case to state that population must be considered.
Baker vs. Carr addressed the issue of legislative apportionment, emphasizing the principle of ‘one person, one vote’.
Name two examples of how Congress can provide oversight of the federal bureaucracy.
- Hold hearings
- Pass laws that limit their budget
These mechanisms allow Congress to monitor and control the actions of federal agencies.
Presidential succession and disability is covered in which amendment to the Constitution?
25th amendment
This amendment outlines the procedures for presidential succession and addresses the situation of a president’s incapacity.
What is pork barrel spending?
When members of Congress pass spending bills that secure federal money for projects in their home district.
This practice is often criticized for promoting unnecessary government spending.
What is an entitlement program?
A program established by law that provides specific benefits to an individual that the government is obligated to pay.
Examples include Social Security and Medicare.
How is an open vacancy in the vice-presidency filled?
The president appoints a new vice president, and both houses of Congress must approve this.
This process is outlined in the 25th amendment.
What is the rule of 4 in the Supreme Court?
The number of justices who must agree that an appeal is worth their time.
This rule ensures that a minority of justices can still have a case heard.
What is the main function of the bureaucracy?
To carry out tasks that Congress is responsible for but does not have time to manage.
The bureaucracy implements federal laws and regulations.
What is gerrymandering?
The practice of making districts unfair to give one political party an advantage.
This can manipulate electoral outcomes and diminish fair representation.
Who wrote Federalist No. 70, and what does it emphasize?
Alexander Hamilton wrote it, emphasizing the importance of a singular, energetic executive in government.
Hamilton argued that a strong presidency is essential for effective governance.
What do bureaucracies issue to implement policy?
Regulations/Rules
What is one difference between the White House Staff and the Cabinet?
The Cabinet has to be approved by Congress; the White House Staff has certain connections to the president.
What is the term for the idea that presidents will attempt to fulfill their campaign promises?
Electoral Mandate
What informal power allows the president to negotiate pacts without Senate approval?
Executive agreement
What are two effects of ‘Party Polarization’ in Congress?
Causes a gridlock in Congress; causes frustration due to Congress not getting things done.
