unit 2 test Flashcards
how many molecules make up a nucleotide
3
what two molecules make up the sides of a dna molecule
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
what type of sugar does dna contain
deoxyribose
if a section of dna contains 123,098 guanine molecules, how many cytosine molecules does it contain
123,098 because they are complimentary bases to eachother
if you found 29% of your dna was made up of guanine, what else must be true
cytosine would be 29%, adenine and thymine would be 21%t
the amount of adenine always equals the amount of… and vise versa
thymine
the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of…and vise versa
guanine
what is the five carbon sugar
deoxyribose
what bond holds the double helix together
hydrogen bond
subunits that make up dna
nucleotides
what are the two pyrimidines used as a nitrogen base in nucleotides
cytosine and thymine
what are the two purines used as a nitrogen base in nucleotides
adenine and guanine
abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid
dna
2 strands of nucleotides twisted around eachother
double helix
what is the primary function of dna in cells
store information that tells the cells which proteins to make
dna make up chromosomes which are located in…
the nucelus
what are the small sections of dna that code for traits
genes
genes are sections of what
DNA
genes code for the production of
proteins
genes are like the what
blueprint
all forms of life turn this code to change information from…to…
dna, proteins
what adds nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases according to the base-pairing rules
dna polymerase
what is the process of making a copy of dna
dna replication
what are the two areas that result when the double helix seperates during dna replication
replication forks
what opens up the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases
dna helicase
whats the phase during the life cycle of a cell during which dna replication occurs
synthesis
“old” or parent strands provide what for making a new identical strand
template
what is added one by one to both growing strands and by what
free nucleotides, dna polymerase
what is each new dna molecule a combination of
“old”/ pre-existing and new
what is dna considered since each strand acts as the template to construct the other half of the molecule
semi-conservative
how does the structure of your dna determine your traits
the order of nitrogen bases codes/ determines the order of amino acids that are assembled. This in turn, determines what protein is being made. The protein being made are expressed as a physical trait or characteristic. Everyone has their own unique set of dna or set of instructions which makes everyone unique/different. Each somatic cell has a complete set of these instructions.
what are the 3 parts of semi-conservative replication
unwinding, base-pairing, and joining
what are the 4 parts of unwinding
dna helicase, topoisomerase, ssbp, and rna primase
what does the dna helicase do
unwinds and unzips the dna strand bny breaking the hydrogen bonds
what does the topoisomerase do
prevents the dna strand from supercoiling
what does the ssbp do
proteins that attach to the template strand to prevent hydrogen bonds from reforming
what does the rna primase do
lays down a primer which will attach the polymerase III
what is the 1 part of base-pairing
polymerase III
what does the ploymerase III do
adds free nucleotides to the template strand in a 5’ to 3’end
what are the 3 parts of joining
exonuclease, polymerase I, and dna ligase
what does the exonuclease do
removes the primer
what does dna polymerase I do
replaces the primer (rna) with dna
