unit 2 test

Question 1

how many molecules make up a nucleotide

Answer 1

3

Question 2

what two molecules make up the sides of a dna molecule

Answer 2

deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate

Question 3

what type of sugar does dna contain

Answer 3

deoxyribose

Question 4

if a section of dna contains 123,098 guanine molecules, how many cytosine molecules does it contain

Answer 4

123,098 because they are complimentary bases to eachother

Question 5

if you found 29% of your dna was made up of guanine, what else must be true

Answer 5

cytosine would be 29%, adenine and thymine would be 21%t

Question 6

the amount of adenine always equals the amount of… and vise versa

Answer 6

thymine

Question 7

the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of…and vise versa

Answer 7

guanine

Question 8

what is the five carbon sugar

Answer 8

deoxyribose

Question 9

what bond holds the double helix together

Answer 9

hydrogen bond

Question 10

subunits that make up dna

Answer 10

nucleotides

Question 11

what are the two pyrimidines used as a nitrogen base in nucleotides

Answer 11

cytosine and thymine

Question 12

what are the two purines used as a nitrogen base in nucleotides

Answer 12

adenine and guanine

Question 13

abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 13

dna

Question 14

2 strands of nucleotides twisted around eachother

Answer 14

double helix

Question 15

what is the primary function of dna in cells

Answer 15

store information that tells the cells which proteins to make

Question 16

dna make up chromosomes which are located in…

Answer 16

the nucelus

Question 17

what are the small sections of dna that code for traits

Answer 17

genes

Question 18

genes are sections of what

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

genes code for the production of

Answer 19

proteins

Question 20

genes are like the what

Answer 20

blueprint

Question 21

all forms of life turn this code to change information from…to…

Answer 21

dna, proteins

Question 22

what adds nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases according to the base-pairing rules

Answer 22

dna polymerase

Question 23

what is the process of making a copy of dna

Answer 23

dna replication

Question 24

what are the two areas that result when the double helix seperates during dna replication

Answer 24

replication forks

Question 25

what opens up the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases

Answer 25

dna helicase

Question 26

whats the phase during the life cycle of a cell during which dna replication occurs

Answer 26

synthesis

Question 27

“old” or parent strands provide what for making a new identical strand

Answer 27

template

Question 28

what is added one by one to both growing strands and by what

Answer 28

free nucleotides, dna polymerase

Question 29

what is each new dna molecule a combination of

Answer 29

“old”/ pre-existing and new

Question 30

what is dna considered since each strand acts as the template to construct the other half of the molecule

Answer 30

semi-conservative

Question 31

how does the structure of your dna determine your traits

Answer 31

the order of nitrogen bases codes/ determines the order of amino acids that are assembled. This in turn, determines what protein is being made. The protein being made are expressed as a physical trait or characteristic. Everyone has their own unique set of dna or set of instructions which makes everyone unique/different. Each somatic cell has a complete set of these instructions.

Question 32

what are the 3 parts of semi-conservative replication

Answer 32

unwinding, base-pairing, and joining

Question 33

what are the 4 parts of unwinding

Answer 33

dna helicase, topoisomerase, ssbp, and rna primase

Question 34

what does the dna helicase do

Answer 34

unwinds and unzips the dna strand bny breaking the hydrogen bonds

Question 35

what does the topoisomerase do

Answer 35

prevents the dna strand from supercoiling

Question 36

what does the ssbp do

Answer 36

proteins that attach to the template strand to prevent hydrogen bonds from reforming

Question 37

what does the rna primase do

Answer 37

lays down a primer which will attach the polymerase III

Question 38

what is the 1 part of base-pairing

Answer 38

polymerase III

Question 39

what does the ploymerase III do

Answer 39

adds free nucleotides to the template strand in a 5’ to 3’end

Question 40

what are the 3 parts of joining

Answer 40

exonuclease, polymerase I, and dna ligase

Question 41

what does the exonuclease do

Answer 41

removes the primer

Question 42

what does dna polymerase I do

Answer 42

replaces the primer (rna) with dna