concept 1- asexual reproduction pt2 Flashcards
what is the purpose of mitosis
to create genetically identical daughter cells
what happens in prophase
- nuclear membrane breaks down
- nucleolus (organelle found in the nucleus that makes new ribosomes) disappears
- chromatin condenses to chromosomes
- spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores
what happens in metaphase
chromosomes line up along the middle (the equator)
what happens in anaphase
sister chromatids break at the centromere and spindle fibers move them to opposite poles
what happens in telophase
- spindle fibers detach
- chromosomes uncondense back to chromatin
- nucleolus reappears
- nuclear membrane reforms
- cytokinesis occurs at the same time
what is formed by animal cells in cytokinesis
cleavage furrow
what is formed by plant cells in cytokinesis
cell plate
how many chromosomes are in a human body cell
46
why do cells divide
- organism growth
- replaces damaged cells
- reproduction
what happens in G0
cells performs its function without wasting time, energy, or resources. Preparing or carrying out cell division
what happens in G1
- cell grows
- cell begins carrying out its function. This continues throughout interphase
- prepares for DNA replication
- makes proteins for synthesis
what is cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm. Creates 2 identical daughter cells
what happens in the S phase
1.DNA replicates
2. chromosomes are now duplicated
what happens in G2
- cell prepares for division
- protons that produces spindle fibers/ microtubules is made
- takes inventory
- cell organelles split/divide
- move as needed
what happens during interphase
- the cell grows
- carries out its cellular function
- replicates DNA to produce for cell division
what is the longest phase of the cell cycle
the cell cycle consists of a long period of interphase and a short period of cell divisionn
why doesn’t asexual reproduction lead to genetic diversity
- it involves only one parent producing identical offspring with the exact same genetic material
-therefore, the offspring have the exact same versions of genes in
the parents DNA
what is binary fission
when a single parent cell doubles DNA, then divides into two cells. Usually occurs in bacteria
what is budding
when small growth on the surface of the parent breaks off, resulting in the formation of two individuals. Occurs in yeast and some animals.
what is fragmentation
when organisms breaks into two or more fragments that develop into a new individual. Occurs in many plants, as well as some animals (like coral, sponges, and starfish)
what is vegetative propagation
when a new plant grows from and existing plant
what are the advantages of asexual reproduction
- the population can increase rapidly when the conditions are favorable
- only one parent is needed
- more time and energy efficient as you dont need a mate
- it can happen faster than sexual reproduction
