concept 1- asexual reproduction pt2

Question 1

what is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 1

to create genetically identical daughter cells

Question 2

what happens in prophase

Answer 2

1. nuclear membrane breaks down
2. nucleolus (organelle found in the nucleus that makes new ribosomes) disappears
3. chromatin condenses to chromosomes
4. spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores

Question 3

what happens in metaphase

Answer 3

chromosomes line up along the middle (the equator)

Question 4

what happens in anaphase

Answer 4

sister chromatids break at the centromere and spindle fibers move them to opposite poles

Question 5

what happens in telophase

Answer 5

1. spindle fibers detach
2. chromosomes uncondense back to chromatin
3. nucleolus reappears
4. nuclear membrane reforms
5. cytokinesis occurs at the same time

Question 6

what is formed by animal cells in cytokinesis

Answer 6

cleavage furrow

Question 7

what is formed by plant cells in cytokinesis

Answer 7

cell plate

Question 8

how many chromosomes are in a human body cell

Answer 8

46

Question 9

why do cells divide

Answer 9

1. organism growth
2. replaces damaged cells
3. reproduction

Question 10

what happens in G0

Answer 10

cells performs its function without wasting time, energy, or resources. Preparing or carrying out cell division

Question 11

what happens in G1

Answer 11

1. cell grows
2. cell begins carrying out its function. This continues throughout interphase
3. prepares for DNA replication
   
   • makes proteins for synthesis

Question 12

what is cytokinesis

Answer 12

division of the cytoplasm. Creates 2 identical daughter cells

Question 13

what happens in the S phase

Answer 13

1.DNA replicates
2. chromosomes are now duplicated

Question 14

what happens in G2

Answer 14

1. cell prepares for division
2. protons that produces spindle fibers/ microtubules is made
3. takes inventory
   - cell organelles split/divide
   - move as needed

Question 15

what happens during interphase

Answer 15

1. the cell grows
2. carries out its cellular function
3. replicates DNA to produce for cell division

Question 16

what is the longest phase of the cell cycle

Answer 16

the cell cycle consists of a long period of interphase and a short period of cell divisionn

Question 17

why doesn’t asexual reproduction lead to genetic diversity

Answer 17

1. it involves only one parent producing identical offspring with the exact same genetic material
   -therefore, the offspring have the exact same versions of genes in
   the parents DNA

Question 18

what is binary fission

Answer 18

when a single parent cell doubles DNA, then divides into two cells. Usually occurs in bacteria

Question 19

what is budding

Answer 19

when small growth on the surface of the parent breaks off, resulting in the formation of two individuals. Occurs in yeast and some animals.

Question 20

what is fragmentation

Answer 20

when organisms breaks into two or more fragments that develop into a new individual. Occurs in many plants, as well as some animals (like coral, sponges, and starfish)

Question 21

what is vegetative propagation

Answer 21

when a new plant grows from and existing plant

Question 22

what are the advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 22

1. the population can increase rapidly when the conditions are favorable
2. only one parent is needed
3. more time and energy efficient as you dont need a mate
4. it can happen faster than sexual reproduction