Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Agents and Impediments to Change
What is social change?
Social change refers to any significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and cultural values and norms. … Examples of significant social changes having long‐term effects include the industrial revolution, the abolition of slavery, and the feminist movement.
Agents and Impediments to Change
Is it predictable?
In general it is unpredictable (speed and form of the change is completley unpredictible)
Agents and Impediments to Change
three petterns of social change
1 linear failure change generally leads to progress (change for good) can’t cycle –car – train –plain
2 Fluctuating change – the change may be upward & downward. The demographic change is such also economic change,
3 Cyclical change – the change is in a cycle. Fashion, sometimes also in economical aspect (Karl max gave this idea. He says earlier there was no private property & we may go back to it).
Means of Creating Social Change
There are numerous and varied causes of social change. Four common causes, as recognized by social scientists, are technology, social institutions, population, and the environment. All four of these areas can impact when and how society changes.
Means of Creating Social Change
Direct vs. Indirect action
Direct or indirect refers to the relation between an action and its effect on the environment. In that sense, direct actions are characterised by the relation between people and the environment, while indirect actions are characterised by the relation between people
Means of Creating Social Change
Violent vs. Non-Violent
Violent
Extreme force.
Action which causes destruction, pain, or suffering.
Non Violent
A philosophy that rejects the use of violence, and instead seeks to bring about change through peaceful responses even to violent acts.
Means of Creating Social Change
Violent vs. Non-Violent Examples
Violent
- Riot
- Looting
- Vandalism
Non Violent
- Peaceful Protest
- Posters and Banners
- Walk Out
- Sit In Protest
- March
Movie Selma
Overall theme and purpose of the movie
100% Historically accurate
focused on civil rights leader MLKjr
The movie Selma is about 1965 campaign by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to protect the equal voting right for African-American citizens. So the main theme of this movie is that every citizen should have a right to vote and all citizens should have equal voting rights.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
Three types of conformity
Herbert Kelman identified three major types of conformity: compliance, identification, and internalization
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
conformity examples
Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group. … Conformity can also be simply defined as “yielding to group pressures” (Crutchfield, 1955). Group pressure may take different forms, for example bullying, persuasion, teasing, criticism, etc.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
Compliance examples
An example of compliance is when someone is told to go outside and they listen to the order. An example of compliance is when a financial report is prepared that adheres to standard accounting principles. The act of complying with a wish, request, or demand; acquiescence.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
Alienation examples
An example of alienation is when a cheating wife is discovered by her husband, and he can no longer stand to be around her so he files for divorce. … The act of alienating or the condition of being alienated; estrangement. Alcoholism often leads to the alienation of family and friends.
The four dimensions of alienation identified by Marx are alienation from: (1) the product of labor, (2) the process of labor, (3) others, and (4) self.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
characteristics of cults
Specific factors in cult behaviour are said to include manipulative and authoritarian mind control over members, communal and totalistic organization, aggressive proselytizing, systematic programs of indoctrination, and perpetuation in middle-class communities.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
What characteristics do sociologists use to define cults?
Sociologists define a cult as a group:
(1) whose beliefs are seen by most of society as being “strange” or unorthodox. (2) whose members show unusual or excessive devotion to some person, idea, or thing. (3) whose leaders use unethical and/or manipulative methods of persuasion and control.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
signs of cultism
Opposing critical thinking.
Isolating members and penalizing them for leaving.
Emphasizing special doctrines outside scripture.
Seeking inappropriate loyalty to their leaders.
Dishonoring the family unit.
Conformity, Compliance and Alienation
what classifies as a cult
A cult is a group or movement held together by a shared commitment to a charismatic leader or ideology. It has a belief system that has the answers to all of life’s questions and offers a special solution to be gained only by following the leader’s rules.
Technology and Cultural Lag
what is it
The term cultural lag is used to describe the situation in which technological advancements or changes in society occur faster than the changes in the rules and norms of the culture that go along with those advancements or changes.
Technology and Cultural Lag
applying the theory - Stem Cells
Stem cell research and therapies: Stem cells have been proven to defeat a host of diseases, yet they must come from unborn fetuses. Some types of abortion remain illegal on several state and federal levels, creating a conflict between medical advancement, the law, and ethical and religious beliefs.
Technology and Cultural Lag
applying the theory - Cancer Vaccines
Cancer vaccines: A vaccine against cervical cancer became available in the 21st century, but some oppose it because it is given to preteens. This is seen in some quarters as encouraging youngsters to engage in sexual activity. Again, medical advancement has outpaced cultural and moral considerations.
Technology and Cultural Lag
applying the theory - Life Support
Medical technology is now being used to keep people’s bodies functioning long after they would otherwise have been declared dead. This raises cultural and ethical questions about when life ends and who has the right to end artificial life support or to prolong existence. The development of new cultural beliefs, values, and norms lags behind the dilemmas posed by the technological change.
fake news
what is it
Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. It often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity, or making money through advertising revenue.
fake news
diffrent types
satire or parody (“no intention to cause harm but has potential to fool”)
false connection (“when headlines, visuals or captions don’t support the content”)
misleading content (“misleading use of information to frame an issue or an individual”)
fake news
how to spot it
- is the source creditable?
- read beyond the headline - read into the news to see if it ‘seems’ fake
- check author - do they have creditable sources, awards, and/or certifcates?
- whats the support on the topic? are other credtable sources talking about it
- check the date - sites might bring up old news and manipulate it to fit current events
- is it clearly a joke
fake news
charateristics
factually inaccurate
optimized for sharing
meant to obscure or distort with emotions; preying on prejudice or bias
