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Cell Bio > Unit 2 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

sorting signals

A
  • Found in amino acid sequence of protein.
  • New proteins must go from a ribosome in the cytosol to the organelle where it functions (knows where to go due to this signal)
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2
Q

electron microscopy

A

Helps give snapshots of the secretory pathway

RER → Golgi → Vesicles → Membrane

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3
Q

Sec proteins

A
  • main proteins involved in protein trafficking
  • discovered in yeast
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4
Q

Ribosomes initiate translation in the __________.

A

cytosol

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5
Q

Coats (for vesicles)

A

geometrical structures that assemble into vesicle cages

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6
Q

Rab Proteins vs SNARE proteins

A

Rab:
Guide Transport Vesicles to Their Target Membrane

SNARE:
Mediate Membrane Fusion by putting the membranes in close proximity

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7
Q

budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

Has a system of dispersed cisternae (not stacked like usual)

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8
Q

fluorescent live imaging (transport in Golgi)

A
  • Golgi protein fused to GFP (green fluorescent protien)
  • Track GFP through the Golgi
  • See processes in real time and in different colors
  • Fluorescence microscopy of a single cisternae shows its maturation dynamics
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9
Q

linear signal sequences

A

Sorting signals for protein translocation into organelles

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10
Q

nuclear envelope

A

two concentric membranes, perforated by nuclear pore complexes

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11
Q

Unstructured proteins

A

lack a well-structured three-dimensional fold

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12
Q

The concentration of Ran bound to GTP provides _______ and _____________.

A

Energy, directionality

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13
Q

Microtubule nucleation

A

process in which several tubulin molecules interact to form a microtubule seed

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14
Q

Axonal transport of organelles

A

Neurons transport vesicles with neurotransmitters to the synapse

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15
Q

Kinesin-binding ________ prevents Kinesin-_________ binding

A

Protein, microtubule

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16
Q

G actin and F actin

A

globular actin, filamentous actin

17
Q

_______ is a drug that stabilizes F-actin. Examples? F-actin structures usually are linked to the ______.

A

Phalloidin
Ex: death cap mushrooms

membrane

18
Q

Cells dynamically change the activity and localization of ________________ to assemble complex _____________.

A

actin-binding proteins, actin structures

19
Q

In ______ cells, _______ are the pioneers at the leading edge which _____ the environment for cues.

A

Migrating, filopodia, probe

20
Q

Stretch activation

A

intrinsic length-sensing mechanism that allows muscles to function with an autonomous regulation (bypassing calcium).

Ex: in flies

21
Q

Tropomyosin vs troponin

A

Tropomyosin
- elongated protein that binds along the groove of the actin filament helix.

Troponin
- a complex of three polypeptides

22
Q

epithelia

A
  • cells are tightly bound together into sheets
  • it’s an epithetical tissue (lining of the gut or the epidermal covering of the skin)
  • selective permeability barriers
23
Q

Typical cadherins vs atypical Cadherins

A

Typical Cadherins = Homophilic
Atypical Cadherins = heterophilic.

24
Q

planar cell polarity

A

The collective alignment of cell polarity across the tissue plane (phenomenon)

25
Q

myotendinous junctions

A

similar to focal adhesions but stronger and permanent

26
Q

tight junctions (Cadherins)

A

act as ‘fences’ against transmembrane diffusion, lock the asymmetry in place.

27
Q

Baz/Par-3

A

is a scaffold for cadherins, which then propagate the polarity in an epithelia so that all the cells are polarized equally.

28
Q

The __________ proteins are the minimal ________ complex

A

Transmembrane, asymmetric

29
Q

Non-cell autonomous effect

A

polarity propagates through the tissue

30
Q

The ________ cellular localization of the ____ proteins is driven by a __________ but not always.

A

Asymmetric, core, global cue

31
Q

Global pathway vs Core pathway

A

Global
- convert expression gradient into small asymmetries

Core
- amplify the small asymmetries into clear cellular structures

32
Q

visible light spectrum

A

segment of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can view

33
Q

Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins

A

are fluorescent proteins that display unique changes in their spectral properties upon exposure to a specific wavelength of light

34
Q

MS2/MCP system

A

allows tracking RNA molecules

35
Q

Dicer (a nuclease enzyme)

A

cleaves the dsRNA into small fragments (of approximately 23 nucleotide pairs) called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

36
Q

RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)

A

a complex of ribonucleic acid and RNA-binding proteins (composed of Argonaute, RNA and etc)

37
Q

A short hairpin RNA shRNA

A

an artificial RNA molecule with a hairpin turn that mimics a dsRNA molecule

Cell Bio (13 decks)

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