Unit 2: Slavery in the American South, pg. 102, 104, 106, 107, 110

Question 1

What 4 plantations did the Europeans establish?

Answer 1

1. Tobacco plantations
2. Rice plantations
3. Sugar cane plantations
4. Cotton plantations

Question 2

Fill in the blanks:
TOBACCO PLANTATIONS

Tobacco was very p_______ in Europe at the time. So, plantation o_____s in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina wanted to cultivate v____ plantations of tobacco. However, this needed a lot of m______ l_____.

Answer 2

• Popular
• Owners
• Vast
• Manual
• Labour

Question 3

Fill in the blanks (2):
RICE PLANTATIONS

Rice became an important c___ in America during the 1_th and 19th centuries. However, rice was labour i_______ and so a large w______ was needed to cultivate it.

Answer 3

• Crop
• 18th
• Intensive
• Workforce

Question 4

Fill in the blanks (3):
SUGAR CANE PLANTATIONS

At first, America i______ cane sugar from the West Indies. However, after the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from F____e in 1803, plantation owners began g_____g sugar cane. By 1830 New Orleans had the l_____t sugar refinery in the world. This crop was labour intensive and needed large n______s of workers.

Answer 4

• Imported
• France
• Growing
• Largest
• Numbers

Question 5

Fill in the blanks (4):
COTTON PLANTATIONS

A large number of early se_____ in America grew cotton. To grow cotton and to p___, gin and bale it took a great deal of w___. The i_____y was given a boost by Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin in 1793. With the help of a horse to turn the gin, a person could clean f___y times as much cotton as before. This increased the demand for labour.

Answer 5

• Settlers
• Pick
• Work
• Industry
• Fifty

Question 6

What were the three stages of the Transatlantic Slave Trade? Describe from where to where and what goods were transported.

Answer 6

1. From a European port to West Africa. Carried goods such as copper, cloth, beads, trinkets, guns, and ammunition.
2. From West Africa to the New World (America). Carried slaves. Many slaves died due to diseases on the ships. Survivors were sold in the Caribbean or the American colonies.
3. From the New World back to the European port Carried raw materials such as sugar, rum and molasses from the West Indies, and tobacco and hemp from Virginia in the American South.

Question 7

Fill in the blanks (5):
HOW WERE SLAVES TRANSPORTED FROM WEST AFRICA?

The slave ships were large c__o ships specially converted for transporting sl___s. Conditions on these ships during the m____e passage were very bad. To maximise profits, ship owners divided the h___s into holds with little headr___m, so they could transport as many slaves as possible. The v_____e took between 6 and _ weeks.

Answer 7

• Cargo
• Slaves
• Middle
• Hulls
• Headroom
• Voyage
• 8

Question 8

List 5 things why the conditions were bad inside the ships.

Answer 8

1. The men were tightly packed together below deck in a very cramped space, so they were forced to crouch/lie down.
2. They were chained together by the hand and the foot. chained together with leg irons. Sometimes the left wrist and ankle of one slave was bound to the right wrist and ankle of another.
3. Slaves who misbehaved/didn’t follow orders were punished cruelly.
4. Women and children were kept in separate quarters, sometimes on deck, allowing them limited freedom of movement, but this also exposed them to violence and sexual abuse from the crew.
5. In good weather the captives were brought on deck ar midmorning and forced to exercise. They were fed meagre rations twice a day.

Question 9

How was the air in the holds like?

Answer 9

Foul and putrid.

Question 10

How was the heat?

Answer 10

Terrible.

Question 11

What was common on the slave ships?

Answer 11

Seasickness.

Question 12

About ___% of slaves died on board.

Answer 12

20%.

Question 13

Decribe the process that slaves went through before they went to slave markets.

Answer 13

1. They were kept in slave pens while they were cleaned, quarantined and disinfected.
2. Sometimes their skin was covered in grease/tar to make them look healthier. This was done so that they could be sold for as much money as possible.
3. They were branded with a hot iron to identify them as slaves.
4. The slaves were then delivered to the auction warehouses for auctioning as chattel slaves. Most slave auctions were public.
5. Flyers were then put up and notices sent to newspapers announcing the date, time and details about the ‘cargo’.

Question 14

Fill in the blanks (6):
SLAVE MARKETS (2ND PARAGRAPH)

Slave auctions were an o_____l for the slaves. They didn’t understand the l______e and had no idea what was h________g. The slaves were treated like a_____ls nad had to endure being poked, prodded and f____d to open their mouths for the buyers. It was a very h__________g experience for the slaves. Families, tribal m______rs and friends were separated as the planters/ their buyers made their p_______ses. Auctions were also held to sell groups of slaves from one plantation to a______r plantation. The price a slave brought depended on such factors such as sex, age, h____h, skills and availability. There are even r_____s of slaves being weighed and sold by the pound. By the 1_th century, slaves could be bought in Africa for about $25 and sold in the Americas for about $1_0.

Answer 14

• Ordeal
• Language
• Animals
• Forced
• Humiliating
• Members
• Purchases
• Another
• Health
• Reports
• 17th
• $150