Unit 2 sida 44-85

Question 1

What are the historical method for site selection, what grape to grow where?

Answer 1

Trial and error.

Question 2

What are the modern approach for site selection?

Answer 2

Geographical information systems GIS and digitised databases.

Question 3

Which are the key enviromental factors for a vineyard?

Answer 3

Availability of water, regional climate (temperature and sunlight) and quality of the soil.

Question 4

Which are the two main types of access to water inthe vineyard?

Answer 4

Rainfall and irrigation

Question 5

The amount of water needed by the vine are affected by som factors which are?

Answer 5

Climate, soil type, vine density, topografi, water timing and quality also affects.

Question 6

When is a site suitable for viticulture with whe aspect of heat in mind?

Answer 6

The the vine has suficient but not exessive heat to go through its key developing stages.

Question 7

Which are the key developmental stages of a season for the vine?

Answer 7

Floral initiation, budburst, flowering, fruit set, veraison and ripening.

Question 8

What hapends with the yield when a site is to cold?

Answer 8

The yield is reduced due to a low phenological development, bud fruitfulness, and fruitset. Ripening is also affected.

Question 9

How is the yield and quality affected if a site is to hot?

Answer 9

Initially a good vegetative vigour, bud fruitfullness and good fruitset, later problems with shading uneven veraison, this gives a competition among the bunches giving staggered ripening and low sugar content.

Question 10

What are the level of sunshine required by vitis vinifera to ripen?

Answer 10

1250h

Question 11

What sites can you use for maximising sunlight?

Answer 11

Slopes facing south

Question 12

In hotter climate what can you do to lower the level of sunshine if you can choose a site.

Answer 12

Slopes facing away from the equator, row orientation.

Question 13

What effect does canopy management have on a marginal climat site?

Answer 13

It can marginally increase sunlight exposure rendering a site better suitable.

Question 14

What nutrients are a sandy soil in a high rainfall lacking?

Answer 14

Potasium, calcium and sulphur

Question 15

What nutrient is a frequetly cultivated shallow soil lacking?

Answer 15

Nitrogen

Question 16

Which are the factors other than climat soil and water if a site is suitable for viticulture?

Answer 16

Ascessability for tractors cars electricity, availability of labour and the route to the market for the final product.

Question 17

How many grape varieties are in fomercial production?

Answer 17

1400

Question 18

How many grape varieties including wild and table varieties are there in the world?

Answer 18

8000

Question 19

Which are the main criterias of selecting variety?

Answer 19

Quality of the variety, the rate of completing its annual vegetative and reproductive cycle, yielding potential, restiatance to desease, legislation.

Question 20

What are the square sides of an egen hectare?

Answer 20

100x100m

Question 21

How is planting density calculated?

Answer 21

Bomber of rows x number of vines in each row.

Question 22

How does high density planting correlate to the quality of the wine?

Answer 22

There are a little direkt correlation, althought it increases the effective leaf surfade area in the vineyard.

Question 23

How do you assist the vine when planting in an arid location?

Answer 23

A low density planting giving the rootsystem the possibility of pulling up more water from the ground.

Question 24

How do you plant your vineyard in a wet soil?

Answer 24

High planting density forcing the vine to compete water.

Question 25

What are the benefits of narrow alleyways in a vineyard?

Answer 25

It increases the canopy area, it can att as a windbreaker.

Question 26

What are the disadvantages of narrow rowing in a vineyard?

Answer 26

Shading of the fruktig areas, requires the use of special tractors.

Question 27

What are the rule for the connection between alley width and row hight?

Answer 27

Never narrower alleys than the row hight.

Question 28

What is the correct distance between the plantings?

Answer 28

The one giving you a shoot density of 15 shoots per meter.

Question 29

How can the distance between the plantings be when making wider alleyvays?

Answer 29

It can be increased since the vine have more soil available.

Question 30

What are the factors influencing row orientation?

Answer 30

Shape of the field, Direction of the slope, prevailling wind.

Question 31

In what direction are vineyard rows often planted in a cool climate?

Answer 31

In a north south direction, as this maximises sunlight interception in the autumnon both sides of the trellis.

Question 32

How is the row orientation of vines producing marlboro SB?

Answer 32

East - West. Giving fruity aromas in the north side facing the equator, and green purazine aromas on the south side.

Question 33

How did phylloxera influence the trellis systems of europe?

Answer 33

Before vineyards were planted closely together trellised on individual stakes or untrellised and worked by hand. After phylloxera the vineyards were planted in straight lines to enable animal use and mecanisation.

Question 34

What is the task performed by a trellis system?

Answer 34

Support the grapevine framework.

Question 35

What are the main reason for adopting more elaborate trellis systems?

Answer 35

Control of both vine vigour and vine disease?

Question 36

Name a trellis system suited for high vigour sites.

Answer 36

Geneva double curtain.

Question 37

How do you know if a trellis system is beneficial to build?

Answer 37

The benefits of the trellis system must be worth more than the cost of the materials and maintenance of the trellis system.

Question 38

What are the factors for choosing a trellis system? 6*

Answer 38

*Legislation * geographical features wind temperature rain frostrisk *effectivness of light interception *cost and time of estaplishment *Mechanisation potential * popularity and attractivness.

Question 39

How do you build a trellissystem to minimise the frost risk?

Answer 39

Build a higher trellis system.

Question 40

How is the production of untrellised system?

Answer 40

Low production but a low cost to plant.

Question 41

What are the benefits of a gobelet system?

Answer 41

Shading of the fruit, maintenance cost of the gobelet are low.

Question 42

What are the disadvantages of the bush vine?

Answer 42

Low production, more proned to disease, manually pruning and harvest.

Question 43

What kind of soil is staked vines suitable for?

Answer 43

Low vigour sites.

Question 44

Staked vines are common in?

Answer 44

Cote Rotie, southern france, spain, portugal, italy, california and south africa.

Question 45

What are the benefits of a single wire trellis system?

Answer 45

It is inexpensive to istall forms a continious row of foilage.

Question 46

What are the disadvantages of a single wire system?

Answer 46

New shoots hang down, offering no protection to the fruit from sunburn.