Unit 2 sida 44-85 Flashcards
What are the historical method for site selection, what grape to grow where?
Trial and error.
What are the modern approach for site selection?
Geographical information systems GIS and digitised databases.
Which are the key enviromental factors for a vineyard?
Availability of water, regional climate (temperature and sunlight) and quality of the soil.
Which are the two main types of access to water inthe vineyard?
Rainfall and irrigation
The amount of water needed by the vine are affected by som factors which are?
Climate, soil type, vine density, topografi, water timing and quality also affects.
When is a site suitable for viticulture with whe aspect of heat in mind?
The the vine has suficient but not exessive heat to go through its key developing stages.
Which are the key developmental stages of a season for the vine?
Floral initiation, budburst, flowering, fruit set, veraison and ripening.
What hapends with the yield when a site is to cold?
The yield is reduced due to a low phenological development, bud fruitfulness, and fruitset. Ripening is also affected.
How is the yield and quality affected if a site is to hot?
Initially a good vegetative vigour, bud fruitfullness and good fruitset, later problems with shading uneven veraison, this gives a competition among the bunches giving staggered ripening and low sugar content.
What are the level of sunshine required by vitis vinifera to ripen?
1250h
What sites can you use for maximising sunlight?
Slopes facing south
In hotter climate what can you do to lower the level of sunshine if you can choose a site.
Slopes facing away from the equator, row orientation.
What effect does canopy management have on a marginal climat site?
It can marginally increase sunlight exposure rendering a site better suitable.
What nutrients are a sandy soil in a high rainfall lacking?
Potasium, calcium and sulphur
What nutrient is a frequetly cultivated shallow soil lacking?
Nitrogen
Which are the factors other than climat soil and water if a site is suitable for viticulture?
Ascessability for tractors cars electricity, availability of labour and the route to the market for the final product.
How many grape varieties are in fomercial production?
1400
How many grape varieties including wild and table varieties are there in the world?
8000
Which are the main criterias of selecting variety?
Quality of the variety, the rate of completing its annual vegetative and reproductive cycle, yielding potential, restiatance to desease, legislation.
What are the square sides of an egen hectare?
100x100m
How is planting density calculated?
Bomber of rows x number of vines in each row.
How does high density planting correlate to the quality of the wine?
There are a little direkt correlation, althought it increases the effective leaf surfade area in the vineyard.
How do you assist the vine when planting in an arid location?
A low density planting giving the rootsystem the possibility of pulling up more water from the ground.
How do you plant your vineyard in a wet soil?
High planting density forcing the vine to compete water.
What are the benefits of narrow alleyways in a vineyard?
It increases the canopy area, it can att as a windbreaker.
What are the disadvantages of narrow rowing in a vineyard?
Shading of the fruktig areas, requires the use of special tractors.
What are the rule for the connection between alley width and row hight?
Never narrower alleys than the row hight.
What is the correct distance between the plantings?
The one giving you a shoot density of 15 shoots per meter.
How can the distance between the plantings be when making wider alleyvays?
It can be increased since the vine have more soil available.
What are the factors influencing row orientation?
Shape of the field, Direction of the slope, prevailling wind.
In what direction are vineyard rows often planted in a cool climate?
In a north south direction, as this maximises sunlight interception in the autumnon both sides of the trellis.
How is the row orientation of vines producing marlboro SB?
East - West. Giving fruity aromas in the north side facing the equator, and green purazine aromas on the south side.
How did phylloxera influence the trellis systems of europe?
Before vineyards were planted closely together trellised on individual stakes or untrellised and worked by hand. After phylloxera the vineyards were planted in straight lines to enable animal use and mecanisation.
What is the task performed by a trellis system?
Support the grapevine framework.
What are the main reason for adopting more elaborate trellis systems?
Control of both vine vigour and vine disease?
Name a trellis system suited for high vigour sites.
Geneva double curtain.
How do you know if a trellis system is beneficial to build?
The benefits of the trellis system must be worth more than the cost of the materials and maintenance of the trellis system.
What are the factors for choosing a trellis system? 6*
*Legislation * geographical features wind temperature rain frostrisk *effectivness of light interception *cost and time of estaplishment *Mechanisation potential * popularity and attractivness.
How do you build a trellissystem to minimise the frost risk?
Build a higher trellis system.
How is the production of untrellised system?
Low production but a low cost to plant.
What are the benefits of a gobelet system?
Shading of the fruit, maintenance cost of the gobelet are low.
What are the disadvantages of the bush vine?
Low production, more proned to disease, manually pruning and harvest.
What kind of soil is staked vines suitable for?
Low vigour sites.
Staked vines are common in?
Cote Rotie, southern france, spain, portugal, italy, california and south africa.
What are the benefits of a single wire trellis system?
It is inexpensive to istall forms a continious row of foilage.
What are the disadvantages of a single wire system?
New shoots hang down, offering no protection to the fruit from sunburn.
