Unit 2 sida 1-43 Flashcards
Which are the three key factors for a vine to survive and grow in it’s environment?
Sunshine, Water & Carbon dioxide
What is the basic building block of the vine and threw what process is it created?
Glucose (sucrose) –> cellulose - builds the root, trunks, shoots, leaves & fruit. Also tannins, acid and flavourcompounds. Created threw photosynthesis.
Below what temperature does a vine go dormant?
10°C
In warmer conditions does a vine require more nutrients, water & sunlight etc?
Yes, the vines metabolism increases exponentially above 10°C to around 22-25°C. After this point the the metabolisms need surpass the potential of the photosynthesis and growth slows down.
What is the definition of a climate?
The Climate is the annual weather pattern of an area averaged over several decades.
Name all the regional climate (macroclimate) classifications both on temperature and continentality.
Cool Moderate Warm Hot Continental Maritime Mediterranean Tropical
In short sum up the temperature aspects of cool climates.
An average temp. of below 16°C during growing season. Suited for early ripening varities such as Chardonnay, P. Noir. Mostly light bodied wines.
In short sum up the temperature aspects of moderate climates.
An average temp. of 16,5-18,5°C during growing season. Suited for intermidiate-ripening varieties such as Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sangiovese.
In short sum up the temperature aspects of warm climates.
An average temp. of 18,5-21°C during growing season. Suited for heat-loving varieties such as Greanche, Mourvedre and Ruby Cabernet. Even fortified wine, POrt, VdN Muscat.
In short sum up the temperature aspects of hot climates.
An average temp. of 21°C, For example Jerez and also San Joaquin Valley California. Often table-wine production or dried grapes.
Besides temperature what else can categorize a macro climate?
Continentality
What impact does continentality have on the climate?
The level of contrast between the hottest and coldest months mean temperature.
The further away from the coast a vineyard is the larger level of contrast in mean temperature between the years coldest and warmest month.
Explain a maritime climate
Low annual range of temperature moderated by the water retaining heat in autumns and cooling in spring times. Close to larger bodies of water, large lakes or oceans.
Reasonably long grape ripening period. Higher rainfall than continental and mediterranean climates during growing season leading to more cloud covering. Suitable for medium bodied wines with medium alcohol levels.
Explain a mediterranean climate
Low annual range temperature, warm, sunny summers and mild winters. Foremost dry summers and most rainfall during winter. Long grape ripening season, suitable for full-bodied wines, rich in texture and ripe tannins.
Explain a Continental climate
High annual range of temperatures, hot and sunny summers with cold winters. Low annual rainfall. Less risk of rot and problem related to late harvest.
Far away from the equator continental climate combined with more sunlight per day makes viticulture viable even though grape ripening period is shortened by falling temperatures in autumn. Here early ripening varieties are often chosen.
Both warm and cool continental climate give chances to ripen varieties that need long ripening periods. Example Mendoza Malbec/Wachau Smaragd/Alsace VT
Why is tropical environments not suitable for vine growing?
Due to the fact that there is no clear temperature drop the vine never goes dormant. Hence the production rate and lifespan of the vine is shortened.
What is the aspect of a vineyard?
The direction a vineyard slope faces, southern, eastern, etc.
A sloped vineyard has certain advantages compared to a flat, elaborate? Concerning sun exposure.
A sloped vineyard will take in more sunlight from an angle rather than solemnly from an angle of 90 degrees above. Which promotes ripening and flower- and later on fruitsetting.
Is there a difference between enjoying sun in the morning (east exposure) versus sun in the afternoon (western exposure)?
Yes, overnight the earth cools off, debris and particles settle and the early sunshine does not have to penetrate as much mass as afternoon sun. So the sun rays work more efficiently during morning time.
Therefore western exposure face more troubles and even generally colder and wetter weather conditions.
Name two advantages and disadvantages for sloping vineyards.
Advantage:
- Poorer soils, leading to good drainage and limiting vine vigour.
- Circulation of air, due to the incline of the slope. Layers of cold air sink, warm air rises and so on. This helps against frost, rot and helps ripening. Especially in cool climates.
What is the main advantage of vineyards on isolated hills?
No cooler airflows from surrounding mountains, ezpecially good in cooler climates. Example the hill of Corton, Hermitage and Montagne de Reims.
What advantages in cool climates does bodies of water give?
- Reflection of sun rays
- Store heat for longer ripening periods
- Provide water for irrigation(if needed)
- Reduce the risk of ground frost
- Morning mists and development of noble rot
Vegetation also has it’s dis- and advantages, name them.
They reduce erosion by fixating the earth with theri roots, store heat and acts as windbreaks.
They also cool mesoclimates in warm weather and increase humidity. They are also home to birds who can damage crops.
What is canopy management?
How one lets their vines stem/leaf/shoots develop.