Unit 2 - Session 5 - Fixed Income Securities / Valuation Methods Flashcards
Indenture
Terms of a loan between an issuer and investor in the issuer
Long Term Debt
debt capital - money borrowed for minimum of five years more frequently 20-30
What are the two types of government backing
- ) government backing or guarantee - Treasury issues
2. ) moral guarantee - federal agencies
Treasury Bills
direct short-term debt obligations of the US Government. Issued every week by using a competitive bidding process with maturities of 4 weeks, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, 52 weeks(this one issued once per month). Treasuries pay no interest and are issued at a discount of par value. 13 week treasury is usually referred to as “risk free”. Only treasury security issued without an interest rate and at a discount.
Note: on the exam par value for treasuries will be $1000
U.S. Treasury Notes
direct debt obligations of the U.S. Treasury that:
- ) semiannual interest as a % of stated par value
- ) have intermediate maturities (2,3,5,7, 10 years)
- ) mature at par value
U.S. Treasury Bonds
direct debt obligations of the U.S. Treasury with the following characteristics
- ) pay semiannual interest as a % of the stated par value
- ) long-term maturities, generally 10-30 yrs
- ) 30 yr bonds are usually callable at par beginning 25 yrs after issue
- ) mature at par value
Treasury Inflation Protection Securities (TIPS)
A special issue that helps protect investors against purchasing power risk. Notes are issued with a fixed interest rate but the principal amount is adjusted semiannually by the an amount equal to the change of the consumer price index, the standard measure of inflation. They are issued with 5, 10, & 30 yr maturities. Exempt from state and local income taxes on interest generated but are subject to federal taxation. The principal adjustment for inflation for any given year is reportable for income of that year even though it is not received until maturity. The inflation increase is received every six months. If inflation is 4%, you receive the inflation increase in two installments of 2% each.
What is the minimum denomination of Ginnie Mae certificates?
$25,000
Taxation of Ginnie and Finne Mae securities
All subject to local, state, and federal income tax
Equipment Trust Certificate
financing the acquisition of rolling stock, locomotives or airplanes. The company usually makes a 20% down payment of the cost and finances the balance over a course of time
Collateral Trust Bonds
When companies do not have equipment or real estate they will put corporate securities into a trust as collateral
Debenture
Debt obligation of a corporation backed by it word and creditworthiness. Unsecured, sold on general credit of the company
Guarantee Bond
Bond that is guaranteed as to payment of interest and principal by a corporate entity that is only as good as the guarantor behind it
Liquidity priority
Secured Creditors, Unsecured Creditors, Subordinated debt holders, preferred stockholders, common stockholders
General Obligation Bonds
Backed by the pledge of the issuer’s full faith and credit for prompt payment of principal and interest. Most cities, counties, and school district bonds have the further distinction of being secured by pledge of unlimited property taxes to be levied against all taxable property
Revenue Bonds
Payable from the earnings of a revenue-producing enterprise, such as water, electric or gas system, toll bridge, airport, college dormitory or other income-producing facility
Investment Grade
Bonds rated in the first four categories (BBB or Baa or higher) and generally only quality institutions invest in
It what circumstances are bonds not rated?
- ) The issuer does not want to pay the cost of receiving the rating
- ) The issuer does not have a sufficient credit history to enable the rater to make a fair judgment