Unit 2 Review

Question 1

Each strand of DNA is divided up into functional units called ______.

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

Each gene is responsible for coding for a particular _____.

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

What the rungs of the ladder are made up of that could be found in a DNA molecule (looks like a coiled ladder).

Answer 3

Nitrogen Bases

Question 4

What the sides of the ladder are made up of that could be found in a DNA molecule.

Answer 4

Sugar

Question 5

Where the DNA is found within the cell.

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Mutations of the DNA within the nucleus of a cell can be caused by exposure to _______.

Answer 6

Mutagens

Question 7

The cell part responsible for controlling the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

Answer 7

Cell Membrane

Question 8

The message to produce a specific protein is carried from the DNA to the ribosome by means of ________.

Answer 8

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 9

Long strands where DNA is found and is made up of proteins.

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

The stages of development in the life of a cell.

Answer 10

The Cell Cycle

Question 11

The two matching chromosome created when the DNA molecule is replicated

Answer 11

(Sister) Chromatids

Question 12

Cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells

Answer 12

Stem Cells

Question 13

The place where the two chromatids of an identical pair are joined

Answer 13

Centrometre

Question 14

A group of diseases that result from uncontrolled cell division.

Answer 14

Cancer

Question 15

An identical genetic copy of a parent organism

Answer 15

Clone

Question 16

The stage of the cell cycle when the duplicated contents of the cell’s nucleus are divided into equal parts

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

The stage of the cell cycle when the two nuclei and the cell contents separate into two daughter cells

Answer 17

Cytokinesis

Question 18

The amount of times a cell divides to form gametes during meiosis

Answer 18

Two

Question 19

Each gamete has ______ as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer 19

Half

Question 20

What the process of fertilization produces

Answer 20

Zygote

Question 21

A zygote will undergo many cell divisions to become a _______.

Answer 21

Embryo

Question 22

What the female reproductive organ in a flowering plant is called

Answer 22

Pistil

Question 23

The process that produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Answer 23

Meiosis

Question 24

Reproduction requiring two parents and resulting in offspring that are different from either parent and from each other

Answer 24

Sexual Reproduction

Question 25

The diploid cell formed as a result of fertilization

Answer 25

Zygote

Question 26

The result of a zygote undergoing mitosis and numerous cell divisions

Answer 26

Embryo

Question 27

(Cell) A specialized cell part designed to carry out specific functions.

Answer 27

Organelle

Question 28

(Cell) A tough, rigid structure surrounding a plant cell

Answer 28

Cell Wall

Question 29

(Cell) A thin covering separating the cell contents within a cell

Answer 29

Vacuole

Question 30

(Cell) A control centre for the cell

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

(Cell) A jelly-like substance that contains the organelles of a cell

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

(Cell) A network of membrane-covered channels within the cell

Answer 32

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 33

(Cell) A membrane-covered sac that transports new proteins to the Golgi Body

Answer 33

Vesicle

Question 34

(Plant Cell) An organelle that traps energy from the Sun and makes glucose

Answer 34

Chloroplast

Question 35

(Cell) An organelle responsible for making proteins

Answer 35

Ribosome

Question 36

(Cell) A body in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Answer 36

Nucleolus

Question 37

(Cell) An organelle that provides energy to the cell from glucose

Answer 37

Mitochondrion

Question 38

(Mitosis) The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear membrane breaks down

Answer 38

Early Prophase

Question 39

(Mitosis) the spindle fibres shorten, pulling the chromatids to the poles of the cell

Answer 39

Anaphase

Question 40

(Mitosis) The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

Answer 40

Metaphase

Question 41

(Mitosis) The spindle fibres disappear and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

Answer 41

Telophase

Question 42

(Mitosis) The chromosomes attach to the spindle fibres at their centromeres

Answer 42

Late Prophase

Question 43

(Asexual) Stems called scions are attached to root stock

Answer 43

Grafting

Question 44

(Asexual) Special cells, usually in plant stems and plant roots, divide repeatedly to form structures that will eventually develop into a new plant

Answer 44

Vegetative Reproduction

Question 45

(Asexual) An organism is broken into parts with one or more parts developing into a new organism that is identical to the parent

Answer 45

Fragmentation

Question 46

(Asexual) An organism produces a single cell capable of reproducing a copy of the parent

Answer 46

Spore Formation

Question 47

(Asexual) Areas of an organism undergo repeated mitosis and cell division and develop into an organism identical to the original

Answer 47

Budding

Question 48

(Asexual) One single-celled organism splits into two organisms

Answer 48

Binary Fission

Question 49

(Embryo)The inner layer of the gastrula

Answer 49

Endoderm

Question 50

(Embryo) The middle layer of the gastrula

Answer 50

Mesoderm

Question 51

(Embryo) The hollow structure formed from the small ball of cells formed after more cell division

Answer 51

Blastula

Question 52

(Embryo) A ball of cells formed after fertilization and several rounds of cell division

Answer 52

Morula

Question 53

(Embryo) The outside layer of the gastrula

Answer 53

Ectoderm

Question 54

(Embryo) The structure formed when the cells developing into the embryo organize themselves from a hollow ball into three layers

Answer 54

Gastrula