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Science 9 > Unit 2 Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Each strand of DNA is divided up into functional units called ______.

A

Genes

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2
Q

Each gene is responsible for coding for a particular _____.

A

Protein

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3
Q

What the rungs of the ladder are made up of that could be found in a DNA molecule (looks like a coiled ladder).

A

Nitrogen Bases

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4
Q

What the sides of the ladder are made up of that could be found in a DNA molecule.

A

Sugar

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5
Q

Where the DNA is found within the cell.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Mutations of the DNA within the nucleus of a cell can be caused by exposure to _______.

A

Mutagens

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7
Q

The cell part responsible for controlling the flow of materials into and out of the cell.

A

Cell Membrane

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8
Q

The message to produce a specific protein is carried from the DNA to the ribosome by means of ________.

A

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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9
Q

Long strands where DNA is found and is made up of proteins.

A

Chromatin

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10
Q

The stages of development in the life of a cell.

A

The Cell Cycle

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11
Q

The two matching chromosome created when the DNA molecule is replicated

A

(Sister) Chromatids

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12
Q

Cells that have the potential to become many different types of cells

A

Stem Cells

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13
Q

The place where the two chromatids of an identical pair are joined

A

Centrometre

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14
Q

A group of diseases that result from uncontrolled cell division.

A

Cancer

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15
Q

An identical genetic copy of a parent organism

A

Clone

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16
Q

The stage of the cell cycle when the duplicated contents of the cell’s nucleus are divided into equal parts

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

The stage of the cell cycle when the two nuclei and the cell contents separate into two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

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18
Q

The amount of times a cell divides to form gametes during meiosis

A

Two

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19
Q

Each gamete has ______ as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

Half

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20
Q

What the process of fertilization produces

A

Zygote

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21
Q

A zygote will undergo many cell divisions to become a _______.

A

Embryo

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22
Q

What the female reproductive organ in a flowering plant is called

A

Pistil

23
Q

The process that produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

Meiosis

24
Q

Reproduction requiring two parents and resulting in offspring that are different from either parent and from each other

A

Sexual Reproduction

25
Q

The diploid cell formed as a result of fertilization

A

Zygote

26
Q

The result of a zygote undergoing mitosis and numerous cell divisions

A

Embryo

27
Q

(Cell) A specialized cell part designed to carry out specific functions.

A

Organelle

28
Q

(Cell) A tough, rigid structure surrounding a plant cell

A

Cell Wall

29
Q

(Cell) A thin covering separating the cell contents within a cell

A

Vacuole

30
Q

(Cell) A control centre for the cell

A

Nucleus

31
Q

(Cell) A jelly-like substance that contains the organelles of a cell

A

Cytoplasm

32
Q

(Cell) A network of membrane-covered channels within the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

33
Q

(Cell) A membrane-covered sac that transports new proteins to the Golgi Body

A

Vesicle

34
Q

(Plant Cell) An organelle that traps energy from the Sun and makes glucose

A

Chloroplast

35
Q

(Cell) An organelle responsible for making proteins

A

Ribosome

36
Q

(Cell) A body in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

37
Q

(Cell) An organelle that provides energy to the cell from glucose

A

Mitochondrion

38
Q

(Mitosis) The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear membrane breaks down

A

Early Prophase

39
Q

(Mitosis) the spindle fibres shorten, pulling the chromatids to the poles of the cell

A

Anaphase

40
Q

(Mitosis) The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

A

Metaphase

41
Q

(Mitosis) The spindle fibres disappear and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

A

Telophase

42
Q

(Mitosis) The chromosomes attach to the spindle fibres at their centromeres

A

Late Prophase

43
Q

(Asexual) Stems called scions are attached to root stock

A

Grafting

44
Q

(Asexual) Special cells, usually in plant stems and plant roots, divide repeatedly to form structures that will eventually develop into a new plant

A

Vegetative Reproduction

45
Q

(Asexual) An organism is broken into parts with one or more parts developing into a new organism that is identical to the parent

A

Fragmentation

46
Q

(Asexual) An organism produces a single cell capable of reproducing a copy of the parent

A

Spore Formation

47
Q

(Asexual) Areas of an organism undergo repeated mitosis and cell division and develop into an organism identical to the original

A

Budding

48
Q

(Asexual) One single-celled organism splits into two organisms

A

Binary Fission

49
Q

(Embryo)The inner layer of the gastrula

A

Endoderm

50
Q

(Embryo) The middle layer of the gastrula

A

Mesoderm

51
Q

(Embryo) The hollow structure formed from the small ball of cells formed after more cell division

A

Blastula

52
Q

(Embryo) A ball of cells formed after fertilization and several rounds of cell division

A

Morula

53
Q

(Embryo) The outside layer of the gastrula

A

Ectoderm

54
Q

(Embryo) The structure formed when the cells developing into the embryo organize themselves from a hollow ball into three layers

A

Gastrula

Science 9 (5 decks)

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