Unit 2 Respiratory System Flashcards
Trachea
-air passageway from larynx to bronchi entering lungs
-supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage; complete in front, open in back
-lined by respiratory mucosa
Trachea wall
- Mucosa (lines lumen)
- Submucosa (cartilage and trachealis muscle)
- Adventitia
Hyaline Cartilage Rings
keeps airway open and allows it flexibility
Trachealis Muscle
Smooth muscle connecting between ends of cartilage provides flexibility posterior wall when food in esophagus
Carina
Internal ridge of cartilage at branch point of main bronchi
Where do aspirated objects tend to end up?
Right lung
Bronchus
-larger diameter airway
-respiratory mucosa
-hyaline cartilage plates in wall for support with some smooth muscle and elastic fibers
-small bronchi have less cartilage and more smooth muscle
Bronchiole
-smaller diameter branches toward end
-simple columnar to simple cuboidal epithelium, few goblet cells or cilia
-smooth muscle and elastic fibers in walls instead of cartilage plates
Alveolus
terminal ends of bronchial tree
Respiraotry bronchioles
bronchioles with alveoli
Alveolar ducts
straight areas with alveoli
Alveolar sacs
clusters of alveoli
Alveolar pores
connect alveoli and allow air pressure to equalize between alveoli
Type I Alveolar Cells
simple squamous epithelial cells form walls of alveoli
Type II Alveolar Cells
Gland-like cells within alveoli that secrete surfactant
Surfactant
A detergent like compoudn that reduces surface tension in alveoli; essential to prevent alveolar collapse
Alveolar Macrophages
Phagocytize debris
Gas Exchange occurs?
respiratory membrane
Conducting Zone
air flows through but no gas exchange across wall
Respiratory Zone
exchange of O2 and CO2 with blood
Parietal pleura
covers thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm, and lateral wall of mediastinum
Visceral Pleura
Covers external lung surface
Pleural Cavity
Space between layers, filled with pleural fluid
Pleural Fluid
Provides lubrication
