Unit 2 Respiratory System

Question 1

Trachea

Answer 1

-air passageway from larynx to bronchi entering lungs
-supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage; complete in front, open in back
-lined by respiratory mucosa

Question 2

Trachea wall

Answer 2

1. Mucosa (lines lumen)
2. Submucosa (cartilage and trachealis muscle)
3. Adventitia

Question 3

Hyaline Cartilage Rings

Answer 3

keeps airway open and allows it flexibility

Question 4

Trachealis Muscle

Answer 4

Smooth muscle connecting between ends of cartilage provides flexibility posterior wall when food in esophagus

Question 5

Carina

Answer 5

Internal ridge of cartilage at branch point of main bronchi

Question 6

Where do aspirated objects tend to end up?

Answer 6

Right lung

Question 7

Bronchus

Answer 7

-larger diameter airway
-respiratory mucosa
-hyaline cartilage plates in wall for support with some smooth muscle and elastic fibers
-small bronchi have less cartilage and more smooth muscle

Question 8

Bronchiole

Answer 8

-smaller diameter branches toward end
-simple columnar to simple cuboidal epithelium, few goblet cells or cilia
-smooth muscle and elastic fibers in walls instead of cartilage plates

Question 9

Alveolus

Answer 9

terminal ends of bronchial tree

Question 10

Respiraotry bronchioles

Answer 10

bronchioles with alveoli

Question 11

Alveolar ducts

Answer 11

straight areas with alveoli

Question 12

Alveolar sacs

Answer 12

clusters of alveoli

Question 13

Alveolar pores

Answer 13

connect alveoli and allow air pressure to equalize between alveoli

Question 14

Type I Alveolar Cells

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelial cells form walls of alveoli

Question 15

Type II Alveolar Cells

Answer 15

Gland-like cells within alveoli that secrete surfactant

Question 16

Surfactant

Answer 16

A detergent like compoudn that reduces surface tension in alveoli; essential to prevent alveolar collapse

Question 17

Alveolar Macrophages

Answer 17

Phagocytize debris

Question 18

Gas Exchange occurs?

Answer 18

respiratory membrane

Question 19

Conducting Zone

Answer 19

air flows through but no gas exchange across wall

Question 20

Respiratory Zone

Answer 20

exchange of O2 and CO2 with blood

Question 21

Parietal pleura

Answer 21

covers thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm, and lateral wall of mediastinum

Question 22

Visceral Pleura

Answer 22

Covers external lung surface

Question 23

Pleural Cavity

Answer 23

Space between layers, filled with pleural fluid

Question 24

Pleural Fluid

Answer 24

Provides lubrication

Question 25

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 25

Bring O2 poor blood from right ventricle to lungs (blue)

Question 26

Pulmonary Capillaries

Answer 26

exchange of gases with air in alveoli

Question 27

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 27

Carry O2 rich blood out of lungs to left atrium (red)