Unit 1 Respiratory Flashcards
Functions of respiratory system
-exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood
-regulation of pH
-protection from inhaled pathogens and substances
-sense of smell
-vocalization
-supply blood with O2 and get rid of CO2
Pulmonary Ventilation
inspiration-air into lungs
expiration-air out of lungs
External respiration
O2 moves from lungs to blood; CO2 moves from blood to lungs
Transport of respiratory gases
transport in blood, works with cardiovascular system
Internal respiration
O2 moves from blood to tissue; CO2 moves from tissue to blood
Upper Respiratory Structure
-nose and nasal cavity
-paranasal sinuses
-pharynx
Upper Respiratory Function
Conditions air, filters, warms and humidifies
Mucosa
lines the lumen of all organs that open to the outside of the body
-consist of epithelium and loose areolar CT under epithelium called the lamina propria
Mucociliary Escalator
-goblet cells produce and release mucous into ari passageways
-cilia on epithelial cells move mucus with trapped particles toward the pharynx and get swallowed
-seromucous glands below mucosa produce watery mucous and release it through ducts to surface
Nasal Cavity
Conducts air from nasal vestibule to nasopharynx
-first line of defense
Nasal conchae
increases surface area of mucosa
Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
drains through small openings into nasal cavity
-sneeze reflex
-sense of smell
Olfactory mucosa
lines the most superior surface of nasal cavity and contains olfactory neurons extending through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Respiratory Mucosa
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Pharynx
skeletal muscle tube connecting nasal cavity and oral cavity to esophagus
Nasopharynx
-posterior to nasal cavity
-passage of air
-respiratory mucosa
-pharyngeal tonsil
-opening of eustachian tube to middle ear
Oropharynx
-posterior to oral cavity
-passage of air and food
-stratigied squamous epithelium
-palatine and lingual tonsils
Laryngopharynx
-posterior to larynx
-passage of air and food
-stratified squamous epithelium
-food goes posteriorly into esophagus
-air passes anteriorly into larynx and lower respiratory system
Lower Respiratory System Structure
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tree
-alveoli
-lungs
-pleura
Epiglottis
-elastic cartilage covered by mucosa with stratified squamous epithelium
-during swallowing the epiglottis closes over opening of larynx
Vestibular Fold (false vocal cord)
ridge of tissue
Vocal Fold (true vocal cord)
-formed by underlying vocal ligaments
-vibrates when air moves across
-force of air determines loudness
-tension on ligaments determines pitch
-only true vocal cords produce sound
Glottis
Opening between vocal folds
-wide glottis= more air flow to trachea
-narrow glottis=less airflow to trachea
