Unit 2: Quiz #1 Flashcards
What is adaptation?
organism change
to support survival and reproduction
Types of adaptations
Structural
Behavioural
Physiological
Structural adaptations (types)
Camouflage
Mimicry
Camouflage
Defence tactic
Disguise appearance (usually blend into surroundings)
Mimicry
Harmless species resemble HARMFUL species (colouration or structure)
How do adaptations develop?
Gradual + accumulative change
How do variations develop?
occur RANDOMLY due to genetic MUTATION
Mutation
Percent at change to genetic material of organism (only source of new genetic variation)
Mutations can have a selective advantage. Define this term.
Genetic advantage that improves chances of survival over competition
What determines if a particular variation is successful?
Environmental conditions (ie. drought, flood, famine) #selective advantage
mutation in somatic cell:
Mutation present in DNA of one individual (ends with that one)
Can’t be passed on.
Mutation present in gamete cell
It can be passed on to offspring (new alleles)
Define natural selection.
individuals with inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring
Variation (principale)
heritable variations exist in every population that are basis for natural selection
Different among individuals result from…
Different in genetic material of organism
Overproduction (principle)
Not enough resources to care for all offspring produced (struggle for survival)
Adaptations (principle)
Certain variations allow individual to survive longer than competitors
More successful individuals…
Survive longer and reproduce offspring that share that adaptation
Descent with modification (principle)
Natural selection results in species with adaptations well-suited for survival + repro in their environment
Natural selection acts on genetic traits (true or false)
False.
Acts on physical traits
Phenotypes
Physical traits
Alleles
Trait
New alleles are made by genetic mutations (true or false)
True.
These are not made by natural selection.
Natural selections can act on…
Traits that already exist
do individuals evolve?
No.
Populations do over time.
Natural selection will ____ inherited traits
Amplify or diminish
Abiotic
Environmental factors
Biotic
Ex) parasites, predators, and competition
Selective factors
Factors that select for or against variations of a population
“Select for”
Characteristic that are well suited for environment
“Selects against”
Characteristic not well suited for environment
Artificial selection
Pressure exerted by humans on populations (choose survival for species)
Monoculture
Growing only one type of crop in an environment
