Unit 1: Unit Test Preperation

Question 1

Virus

Answer 1

Something that causes diseases in plants & animals (super tiny)

Question 2

Is a virus living?

Answer 2

Non-living
- unable to live without a host
- not cellular
- must use host cells to replicate

Question 3

Bacteriophage

Answer 3

Type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria

Question 4

Capsid

Answer 4

protein coat surrounding vaccine structure

Question 5

Genetic material

Answer 5

DNA or RNA

Question 6

virus vaccine structure

Answer 6

Capsid — protein coat
Simple membrane (sometimes)

Question 7

how do vaccines work?

Answer 7

antibody flags virus parts for leukocytes to destroy
antibodies protect against real virus

Question 8

Similarities between 2 bacterial kingdoms

Answer 8

• no membrane bound organelles (no nucleus)
• have singular chromosome
• have plasmids
• both can grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Question 9

list the two bacterial kingdoms

Answer 9

1. Archaea
2. Bacteria

Question 10

Kingdom Bacteria qualities

Answer 10

Mesophiles (moderate conditions)
both heterotrophs and autotrophs (perform photosynthesis)

Question 11

Kingdom Archaea qualifies

Answer 11

extremophiles — live in extreme conditions (thrive in HARSH conditions)

performs methanogenisis (makes methane as byproduct)

SOME autotrophs perform chemosynthesis

Question 12

Parts of a bacterial cell

Answer 12

DNA plasmid
Flagellum
Pilli / Cillia
Capsule

Question 13

DNA plasmid

Answer 13

Small circular DNA strand that codes for a single characteristic – eg. antibiotic resistance

Question 14

Flagellum

Answer 14

allow bacteria to move

Question 15

Pill / Cillia

Answer 15

tiny hairs

allow exchange of generic info between bacteria

Question 16

Binary fission

Answer 16

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
occurs in ‘good’ environment with lots of food

cell grows, copies, elongates, separate

Question 17

Conjunction

Answer 17

some bacteria can exchange DNA (plasmids) through cytoplasmic bridge

Question 18

Plasmids

Answer 18

when bacteria have special quality (ex. natural resistance to antibiotics) and share to other bacteria

Question 19

endospore formation

Answer 19

thick-walled protection for DNA from extremes
(when unfavourable conditions)

Question 20

Bacteria in society (harmful)

Answer 20

Botulism (type of food poisoning by anaerobic bacteria)

Question 21

bacteria in society (helpful)

Answer 21

oxygen production

cyanobacteria produce during photosynthesis
bacteria = natural décomposer

Question 22

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 22

larger cell engulfs smaller cell (specialized function)

engulfed cell becomes part of large cell

Question 23

characteristic of fungi

Answer 23

Most = multicellular with long filaments
hypae and fruiting body
asexual and sexually repro

*yeast is unicellular

Question 24

structure of fungi

Answer 24

hyphae
mycelium
fruiting body
sporangia

Question 25

hyphae

Answer 25

responsible for secreting digestive enzymes + absorbing them

Question 26

mycelium

Answer 26

under soil (bulk of organism)

Question 27

fruiting body

Answer 27

responsible for dev + spore release

Question 28

sporangia

Answer 28

responsible for producing haploid spores

Question 29

4 methods of fungi nutrition

Answer 29

parasitic predatory mutualistic saprobrial

Question 30

parasitic

Answer 30

absorbs nutrients from living cells of host ex) cordyceps

Question 31

predatory

Answer 31

soil fungi mycelia = specializes structure (traps prey) ex) arthrobotrys

Question 32

mutualistic

Answer 32

partnerships with other organisms

Question 33

saprobial

Answer 33

decompose (recycle nutrients in ecosystem)

Question 34

uses of fungi

Answer 34

environment (decompose) medicine

Question 35

define vertebrate

Answer 35

Presence of a backbone and internal skeleton – notochord present

Question 36

Invertebrate

Answer 36

Absence of a backbone – notochord absent

Question 37

Notochord

Answer 37

Nerve cord running length of organism protected by cartilage or bone runs along dorsal surface transfer of info

Question 38

Exoskeleton

Answer 38

Tough outer covering for protection (ex. lobster)

Question 39

Endoskeleton

Answer 39

Internal skeleton (ex. humans)

Question 40

Endotherm

Answer 40

Warm-blooded (ex. mammals) Organisms able to maintain constant body temperature

Question 41

Ectotherm

Answer 41

Cold-blooded (ex. lizards) Organisms that are unable to maintain constant body temperature

Question 42

Tetrapod

Answer 42

Four-limbed organism

Question 43

Ectoderm

Answer 43

External layer

Question 44

Mesoderm

Answer 44

Middle layer ex) red blood cells

Question 45

Endoderm

Answer 45

internal layer ex) digestive cells

Question 46

Sessile

Answer 46

Immobile, does not move

Question 47

types of symmetry

Answer 47

bilateral radial asymmetrical

Question 48

bilateral symmetry

Answer 48

Have complete nervous system

Question 49

Asymmetrical

Answer 49

No body symmetry present

Question 50

Coelum

Answer 50

Fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems

Question 51

Autotrophs

Answer 51

Able to produce own energy

Question 52

Heterotrophs

Answer 52

Must consume for energy

Question 53

lytic vs lysogenic

Answer 53

lytic: virus replicates then release from cells lysogenic: genetic info incorporates with host DNA

Question 54

steps in lytic cycle

Answer 54

attachment injection replication assembly lysis

Question 55

lysogenic cycle

Answer 55

attachment injection incorporation (provirus) -> trigger replication assembly lysis

Question 56

Protist

Answer 56

microscopic and unicellular eukaryotes found in moist environments repro = mitosis

Question 57

categories of protists

Answer 57

plant-like animal-like fungus-like

Question 58

plant-like protists

Answer 58

contain chlorophyll (photosynthesis) rigid silica walls have 2 flagella

Question 59

animal-like protists

Answer 59

all heterotrophs (some parasites) binary repro classified by locomotion (movement)