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Civics > Unit 2, Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2, Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Hobbes think was the best form of government?

A

an absolute monarchy

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2
Q

What did Hobbes think was the purpose of government?

A

To give peace and order to society. To protect life and property.

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3
Q

Who did Hobbes think had the right to govern?

A

The monarch, which is selected through the social contract

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4
Q

Who did Hobbes think had the authority to govern?

A

The monarch, which is selected through the social contract

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5
Q

What did Hobbes think gave someone the legitimacy to rule?

A

People selected the monarch through the social contract. Traded absolute rights for protection. Once a leader is chosen, it cannot be changed.

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6
Q

How many people did Hobbes think should rule?

A

one

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7
Q

What did Locke think was the best form of government?

A

A representative democracy

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8
Q

What did Locke think the purpose of government was?

A

To protect our natural rights, very similar to Hobbes.

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9
Q

Who did Locke think had the power to govern?

A

The elected representatives through the social contract. He wants them to be well-read.

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10
Q

Who did Locke think had the authority to rule?

A

The elected representatives through the social contract.

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11
Q

What did Locke think gave someone the legitimacy to rule?

A

The government. You can change the government through the social contract if the government is not protecting you.

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12
Q

How many people did Locke think should rule?

A

few (elected officials)

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13
Q

What did Montesquieu think was the best form of government?

A

democracy

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14
Q

What did Montesquieu think was the purpose of government?

A

to give liberty to the people and to protect our natural rights

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15
Q

Who did Montesquieu think had the power to govern?

A

elected officials

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16
Q

Who did Montesquieu think had the authority to rule?

A

a government that avoids abuse of power, divide up the power into areas; executive, legislative, and judicial

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17
Q

What did Montesquieu think gave someone legitimacy to rule?

A

the social contract, people, and separation of powers

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18
Q

How many people did Montesquieu think should rule?

A

many, using checks and balances

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19
Q

What did Rousseau think was the best form of government?

A

direct democracy

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20
Q

What did Rousseau think was the purpose of government?

A

to protect our rights

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21
Q

Who did Rousseau think had the power to govern?

A

We the people, popular sovereignty

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22
Q

Who did Rousseau think had the authority to rule?

A

Power is from the people in the social contract

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23
Q

What did Rousseau think gave a ruler legitimacy?

A

Power is from the people in the social contract

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24
Q

How many people did Rousseau think should rule?

A

many

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25
Q

What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?

A

It was the first representative/elected assembly in colonial America. It was founded in Jamestown, moved to Williamsburg.

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26
Q

What effect did the Virginia House of Burgesses have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

It helped us start our democratic government, as it was elected. Started self-control in colonies.

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27
Q

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A

It was a document/agreement for the governing of the new colony: a Civil Body Politic. They agreed to chose representatives and obey just and equal laws.

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28
Q

What effect did the Mayflower Compact have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

It helped us start our democratic government, as it was elected. It was the first European written framework for self-governing in the colonies.

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29
Q

What was the French and Indian War?

A

A war fought against France and its Indian allies on North American soil. Britain won this war. They claimed control over Canada and the Ohio River Valley.

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30
Q

What effect did the French and Indian War have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

Britain gained more control over land for the colonies. People started moving into these territories. See it as the colonist’s land, not the British.

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31
Q

What was the Stamp Act?

A

An act that made Americans have to buy a stamp to put on their deeds, mortgages, liquor licenses, playing cards, almanacs, and newspapers.

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32
Q

What effect did the Stamp Acts have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

This caused the “no taxation without representation” movement. Parliament repeals the act, so protesting is successful, encouraging this to happen again.

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33
Q

What were the Townshend Acts?

A

They placed taxes on goods imported from the colonies.

34
Q

What effects did the Townshend Acts have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

The colonists boycotted all English goods. Focused on making thinks IN the colonies.

35
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

An event where the British troops shot and killed 5 protesters in Boston.

36
Q

What was the effect did the Boston Massacre have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

It made Americans realize that the British were not on their side and the British didn’t care about bloodshed. Colonial newspapers and Paul Revere’s famous engraving/picture enraged people all over the colonists. Soldiers stand trials. Colonists united.

37
Q

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A

Americans dressed up as Indians and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbor. The ship they did it was the first ship with taxed tea.

38
Q

What effect did the Boston Tea Part have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

It was an act of defiance against the British authority. Americans didn’t like all the taxes on goods, especially considering they had no representation in parliament.

39
Q

What was the 1st Continental Congress?

A

Colonial leaders gathered in Philadelphia to help defuse the conflict.

40
Q

What effect did the 1st Continental Congress have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

It was the first meeting of all colonial leaders, helped Americans start to think about independence.

41
Q

What were the Battles at Lexington and Concord?

A

Militia troops started a small battle with the British.

42
Q

What effect did the Battles of Lexington and Concord have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

This was the start of the American Revolution.

43
Q

What was the Declaration of Independence?

A

It was the document that declared America as independent from Britain. 2 key ideas: unalienable rights, just powers come from the consent of the governed. If gov. fails, to protect these rights, people should abolish it and form a new one. Listed a long “train’ of abuses that violated their rights.

44
Q

What effect did the Declaration of Independence have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

This started the war with what was then the most powerful nation on Earth. First act of the new country,

45
Q

What was the 1st Continental Congress- Committee to prepare plan of government?

A

After declaring independence, a committee was appointed to prepare a plan of government. This would later be known as the Articles of Confederation-this was not ratified until the war was almost over.

46
Q

What effect did the 1st Continental Congress-committee to prepare plan of government have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

This was the first form of government for America. It gave power to the states, relied on states to provide funding for the colonial army, not just state-provided militias. The government didn’t have power to tax the states.

47
Q

What was the letter about that an army officer gave to General George Washington?

A

An army officer wrote that he wished for a kingdom with Washington as the head.

48
Q

What effect did the army officer writing to General George Washington have on the changing colonial view of government?

A

Washington rejected the idea of an American monarchy, colonists began thinking of a different form of government. This instilled an ever greater hope for democracy.

49
Q

What is state of nature?

A

No government or society.

Everyone is born equal. You are living off of the land, survival of the fittest. There are scarce resources that are being fought over.

50
Q

What philosophers believed in state of nature?

A

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

51
Q

What is absolute freedom?

A

No laws or restrictions on behaviors.
You are free to compete for scarce resources, which puts us at war with each other.

52
Q

What philosophers believed in absolute freedom?

A

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

53
Q

What type of government supports the ideas of state of nature?

A

none, maybe anarchy

54
Q

What type of government supports absolute freedom?

A

none

55
Q

What is natural rights?

A

Our right to be alive, no one has the right to kill you. Other rights you were born with include: speech, religion, etc.. They can be taken away from you if you agree to the limits.

56
Q

What type of government supports natural rights?

A

democracy

57
Q

What philosophers believed in natural rights?

A

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

58
Q

What is a social contract?

A

An agreement between people and society(gov) to limit our absolute freedoms so we aren’t constantly at war with each other. Government must provide protection of life, liberty, and property. They must supply police, fire, military and public services. Both sides have to preform the contract. If the government does not protect, we can create a new government or a new contract. This was the reason for the Independence War.

59
Q

What type of government supports a social contract?

A

Hobbes monarchy, democracies

60
Q

What philosophers believed in a social contract?

A

Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

61
Q

What is equality?

A

Being equal in status, rights, or opportunities. Being treated the same as others and having the same rights. “We the people…”

62
Q

What type of government supports equality?

A

direct democracies

63
Q

What philosophers believed in equality?

A

Rousseau

64
Q

What is a civil society?

A

A community of citizens linked by common interests and activities

65
Q

What type of government supports a civil society?

A

democracy

66
Q

What philosophers believed in a civil society?

A

Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

67
Q

What is power?

A

The ability to carry out the social contract between people and government. Comes from the people, we get power from voting.

68
Q

What type of government supports power?

A

monarchy

69
Q

What philosophers believed in power?

A

Hobbes

70
Q

What is authority?

A

Official legal way to carry out the social contract. The social contract has to be written (the Constitution)

71
Q

What type of government supports authority?

A

Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

72
Q

What is legitimacy?

A

We believe in the social contract having the right to govern because it is from the people

73
Q

What type of government supports legitimacy?

A

democracies

74
Q

What philosophers believed in legitimacy?

A

Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

75
Q

What is sovereignty?

A

Complete power comes from the social contract(which comes from the people)

76
Q

What type of government supports sovereignty?

A

direct democracies

77
Q

What philosophers believed in sovereignty?

A

Rousseau

78
Q

What is common good?

A

social contract is for the benefit of everyone

79
Q

What type of government supports the common good?

A

direct and representative democracy

80
Q

What philosophers believed in the common good?

A

Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu

Civics (4 decks)

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