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History II CP > Unit 2: Progressive Era > Flashcards

Unit 2: Progressive Era Flashcards

1
Q

Urbanization
Problems in moving to cities

A

Child Labor
Poor Living Conditions
Dangerous working conditions
discrimination
gender equality
racism

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2
Q

child labor

A

took advantages of
insufficient amount of wages
dangerous working environment (no proper equipments)
lack of education
poverty

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3
Q

poor living conditions

A

overcrowded
poor
tenement houses (immigrants)
not sanitary

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4
Q

dangerous working conditions

A

no proper equipments
no ventilation
complex machines

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5
Q

discrimination

A

socially normal

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6
Q

gender equality

A

women’s right to vote

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7
Q

racism

A

legally protected –> Jim Crow Laws that went against Federal laws
lynching

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8
Q

Pull factors

A

factors that drew them to America
- american dream
- freedom
- job/land opportunity

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9
Q

push factors

A

factors that made them leave their home country
- wars
- no freedom/land/job/opportunity
- families

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10
Q

Immigration Restrictions

A
  • Ghettos - isolation of immigrants
  • Chinese Exclusion Act - limited Chinese laborer entering the country
  • immigration literacy act - over 16 who can read
  • immigration screening at ellis island
  • the quota act of 1921 - limited the number of asians
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11
Q

Assimilation vs. Diversity

A

Assimilation - take on the culture. Immigrants become American (Melting pot theory)
Diversity - Each groups retain its difference or individuality (salad bowl theory)

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12
Q

Immigration stations

A

Ellis island
- NY
- Immigrants from Europe
- doctors checked for dangerous diseases
- asked questions (origins, plan to settle, and previous skill work experience)

Angel island
- San Francisco, California
- Immigrants from Asia
- detained immigration procedure (not welcoming asians)
- often had to prove their family is in the U.S.

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13
Q

Tenements

A

where the immigrants stayed as they moved into the U.S.
Not at best conditions: at least 5 people in a limited space

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14
Q

American Dream

A

definition: the ideal by which equality of opportunity is granted to American, allowing the highest goal to be achieved.
immigrants

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15
Q

Monopoly

A

total control of industry
other companies cannot compmete

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16
Q

trust

A

all money is in the same person’s control

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17
Q

Robber Barons

A

a businessman who engaged in unethical and monopolistic practices –> amassed enormous wealth
Baron: stealing

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18
Q

top-down/trickle down theory

how was this a problem?

A

a cycle of the wealth that would trickle down from big businesses to upper class to middle class to lower class to poverty without any government’s intervention

big businesses would get greedy and not trickle down
political cartoon

19
Q

Homestead Strike

A

workers vs. hired
- hirers were cutting down wages to profit more than they are doing. (not trickling down)
- workers rebel
- failed
inspired workers
proved the difficulty for a union to go against government

20
Q

Andrew Carnegie and J.D. Rockefeller

A

Carnegie Steel Company
Standard Oil company

21
Q

Settlement Houses

A

Jane Adams (Hull-house)
all purpose for poo people living in crowded city
provided educational, cultural, social services as well as helped with personal, job, and financial problems.
send visiting nurses to sick

22
Q

Muckrakers

A

writer, journalist, and social reformers who sought to expose corruption in politics, business, and society. Journalists and writers dedicated to exposing corruption, misconduct, and social injustices, particularly in areas like business monopolies, labor exploitation, urban poverty, and political corruption

23
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A

The Shame of the Cities
- exposed corruption of political machines
- thought the corruption was the result of typical and Big Businessmen
(Typical Business men - ignored politics and allowed corruption to continue)
(Big Businessmen - corrupted city government for their own ends.
- Municipal Reforms (city manager) –> government transparency fair elections, reduce influence of business in politics.
Recall Election = allows voters to remove representative from office –> many states adopted Election Reform

accountability of the elected person
- once the voter thinks that the elected person is not accountable, the voter could vote to remove that elected person from his/her office.

24
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Jungle
- exposed dangerous working conditions and unsanitary procedures in the Meat Packing Industry
- President Roosevelt passed the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act

today, the foods should be approved by FDA and the restaurants should pass the sanitary inspections.

25
Q

Jacob Riis

A

How the Other Half Lives
- audience = rich people
- exposed living conditions of the urban poor; tenements with photography
- child labor in factories and education for children
NYC passed building codes to promote safety and health
- ended child labor and increased the enrollment in schooling

Tenement House Act of 1901 was passed in response, establishing regulations for tenement construction, including requirements for light, air, and sanitation. The act aimed to improve living conditions and reduce overcrowding in urban housing

26
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

A

raised a specific problem –> safety in jobs

27
Q

Initiative

A

Voters could directly introduce bills in the state legislature and could vote on whether they wanted a bill passed

28
Q

Election/State Reforms

A

recall
initiative
referendum
secret ballot
direct primary

29
Q

recall

A

allows voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from office

30
Q

referendum

A

allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed

31
Q

secret ballot

A

privacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted

32
Q

direct primary

A

ensures that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses.

33
Q

social legislation - state social reforms

A

workplace and labor reform
- 8 hr workday
- improved safety and health conditions in factories
workers compensation laws
minimum wage laws
unionization
child labor laws

34
Q

child labor laws

A
  • national child labor committee
    (investigated child working conditions; used photos and evidence to show how bad child labor was)
  • Keating-owen act
    (something made by child labor couldn’t be transported across state lines
  • Supreme Court outlaws child labor
35
Q

temperance

A

reducing the usage of alcohol…?

36
Q

WEB DuBois vs. Booker T Washington

A

WEB Dubois
- MA
- First African American to earn a Ph.D from Harvard Univ.
- one of the founders of the NAACP
- edited the crisis

Booker T Washington
- a prominent African American leader
- argued that African Americans should seek gradual equality, focus on job training, and not be too demanding
- disagreed with Washington’s argument
immediate racial equality

37
Q

Women suffrage

A

19th amendment
Alice Paul and Lucy burns

equal rights amendments –> never passes
- everything is equal across genders (jobs, wages, etc.)

38
Q

Progressive presidents - Roosevelt

A

TR trustbuster - label given those who helped to create and enact laws that broke up trusts and monopolies. often called him a trustbuster
sherman antitrust act - first act passed by congress to prevent monopolies and trusts.
believed there were good and bad trusts

TR’s square deal - embraced the 3C’s
- Control of the corporations
- consumer protection
- conservation of natural resources

39
Q

Progressive president - Wilson

A

Underwood Simmons Tariffs - first significant tariff reduction
16th amendment - taft proposed, Wilson signs
federal reserve act
- created 12 regional banks as “banker’s banks” (lend $ to banks as a set interest rate)
- established federal regulation of currency through interest rates
- established federal Reserve Board to oversee the system of banks
Federal Trade Commission Act - restrict monopolies and stop unfair practices
Clayton Antitrust Act - added to Sherman

40
Q

Progressive President - Taft

A
  • trust busting
    forest and oil reserves
    16th amendment (income tax)

–> caused split in Republican Party

41
Q

Political Spectrum

A

More govt involvement (economy); safety/equality with more regulations; less individual freedom/choice

communism (all people are equal)
socialism (ex. stalin)
liberal (democrats; progressives)
central (neutral)
Conservative (Republicans)
Libertarian (ex. Hitler (Naxism/Facism))

Less government involvement (economy); more individual freedom)

42
Q

levels of government

A

municipal cities, states, and federal

43
Q

Progressive Framework

A

step 1 - identify a problem
step 2 - report a problem
step 3 - fix the problem

start with individual reform until government takes action either municipal, state, or federal

History II CP (1 decks)

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