Unit 2: Progressive Era Flashcards
Urbanization
Problems in moving to cities
Child Labor
Poor Living Conditions
Dangerous working conditions
discrimination
gender equality
racism
child labor
took advantages of
insufficient amount of wages
dangerous working environment (no proper equipments)
lack of education
poverty
poor living conditions
overcrowded
poor
tenement houses (immigrants)
not sanitary
dangerous working conditions
no proper equipments
no ventilation
complex machines
discrimination
socially normal
gender equality
women’s right to vote
racism
legally protected –> Jim Crow Laws that went against Federal laws
lynching
Pull factors
factors that drew them to America
- american dream
- freedom
- job/land opportunity
push factors
factors that made them leave their home country
- wars
- no freedom/land/job/opportunity
- families
Immigration Restrictions
- Ghettos - isolation of immigrants
- Chinese Exclusion Act - limited Chinese laborer entering the country
- immigration literacy act - over 16 who can read
- immigration screening at ellis island
- the quota act of 1921 - limited the number of asians
Assimilation vs. Diversity
Assimilation - take on the culture. Immigrants become American (Melting pot theory)
Diversity - Each groups retain its difference or individuality (salad bowl theory)
Immigration stations
Ellis island
- NY
- Immigrants from Europe
- doctors checked for dangerous diseases
- asked questions (origins, plan to settle, and previous skill work experience)
Angel island
- San Francisco, California
- Immigrants from Asia
- detained immigration procedure (not welcoming asians)
- often had to prove their family is in the U.S.
Tenements
where the immigrants stayed as they moved into the U.S.
Not at best conditions: at least 5 people in a limited space
American Dream
definition: the ideal by which equality of opportunity is granted to American, allowing the highest goal to be achieved.
immigrants
Monopoly
total control of industry
other companies cannot compmete
trust
all money is in the same person’s control
Robber Barons
a businessman who engaged in unethical and monopolistic practices –> amassed enormous wealth
Baron: stealing
top-down/trickle down theory
how was this a problem?
a cycle of the wealth that would trickle down from big businesses to upper class to middle class to lower class to poverty without any government’s intervention
big businesses would get greedy and not trickle down
political cartoon
Homestead Strike
workers vs. hired
- hirers were cutting down wages to profit more than they are doing. (not trickling down)
- workers rebel
- failed
inspired workers
proved the difficulty for a union to go against government
Andrew Carnegie and J.D. Rockefeller
Carnegie Steel Company
Standard Oil company
Settlement Houses
Jane Adams (Hull-house)
all purpose for poo people living in crowded city
provided educational, cultural, social services as well as helped with personal, job, and financial problems.
send visiting nurses to sick
Muckrakers
writer, journalist, and social reformers who sought to expose corruption in politics, business, and society. Journalists and writers dedicated to exposing corruption, misconduct, and social injustices, particularly in areas like business monopolies, labor exploitation, urban poverty, and political corruption
Lincoln Steffens
The Shame of the Cities
- exposed corruption of political machines
- thought the corruption was the result of typical and Big Businessmen
(Typical Business men - ignored politics and allowed corruption to continue)
(Big Businessmen - corrupted city government for their own ends.
- Municipal Reforms (city manager) –> government transparency fair elections, reduce influence of business in politics.
Recall Election = allows voters to remove representative from office –> many states adopted Election Reform
accountability of the elected person
- once the voter thinks that the elected person is not accountable, the voter could vote to remove that elected person from his/her office.
Upton Sinclair
Jungle
- exposed dangerous working conditions and unsanitary procedures in the Meat Packing Industry
- President Roosevelt passed the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
today, the foods should be approved by FDA and the restaurants should pass the sanitary inspections.
