"Unit 2" Periods 2&3 Review Flashcards
1
Q
Byzantine
A
- Eastern Roman Empire
- survived until 1453
- retained Mediterranean and HELLENISTIC culture
2
Q
Justinian
A
- simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s code
- Hagia Sophia
- turning point for Christianity, paganism lost
- failed attempt to restore western Roman territories
3
Q
Republic
A
- balanced political system of Rome
- circa 510 - 47 bce
- aristocratic senate, panel of magistrates & popular assemblies
4
Q
Legalism
A
- everyone except the emperor is morally corrupt
* strict rule, harsh punishments
5
Q
Brahmins
A
- highest in Hindu caste
* priests
6
Q
Daoism
A
- world always changing
* don’t stray from the Dao (path) of nature
7
Q
Vedas
A
Sacred Hindu religious texts
8
Q
Siddhartha
A
- Hindu prince
- pursued the source of suffering
- Buddhism
9
Q
Lao Zi
A
- give up worldly desires in favor of nature
* founded Daoism
10
Q
Ashoka
A
- Maurya emperor
- conquered India using military force
- converted to Buddhism
11
Q
DAR-AL-ISLAM
A
- the land of Islam
* territory where Islam and religious laws may be practiced freely
12
Q
Ummayad
A
- clan/ tribe, dominated Mecca
- later Islamic dynasty
- 1st Muslin dynasty
13
Q
Pastoral nomads
A
- ppl from the Steppes in Asia
- herded animals
- ended by gunpowder
14
Q
Ali
A
- cousin / son in law of Muhammad
- orthodox caliphs
- focus: development of Shi’a Islam
15
Q
Carthage
A
- western Mediterranean empire
- Punic wars with Rome for dominance
- desecrated by Rome
16
Q
Socrates
A
- Athenian philosopher
- late 5th century bce
- father of western philosophy
17
Q
Hajj
A
- pilgrimage to Mecca
* part of the Five Pillars of Islam
18
Q
Slavs
A
- Indo-European ppl from Eastern Europe
- formed regional kingdoms by 5th century ce
- cultural base for Russian ppl
19
Q
Hijra
A
- Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina (escaping persecution)
- 622ce
- beginning of Muslim era
20
Q
Caste system
A
- India’s social hierarchy
* almost impossible to move up/down
21
Q
Sui
A
- reestablished unity after the era of The Three Kings
- after Han
- strong rulers, northern China
- Grand Canal
22
Q
Caliph
A
- successor of Muhammad
- head of Islamic community
- religious king
23
Q
Sunni
A
- major interpretation of Islam
* Ummayads
24
Q
Umma
A
•faithful community of Islam
25
Qur'an
* word of God revealed through Muhammad
| * holy book of Islam, "recitations of God"
26
Tribute system
* traditional Chinese system for managing foreign relations
| * established rules about foreign people entering and conducting relations with China
27
Zoroastrianism
* Persian monotheistic religion
| * material existence = battle between good and evil
28
The grand canal
* 1700 k waterway in China
* links Yellow river to Yangzi river
* started in Han, finished in Sui
29
Alexander the Great
* son / successor of king Philip II
* conquered Persian empire, expands to India
* attempt to combine Greek and Persian culture
30
Mandate of Heaven
* political legitimacy for Chinese rulers
* established by Zhou to justify overthrowing the Shang
* rule is legitimized and blessed by heaven
31
Han WUDI
* most important Han emperor
* expands empire in all directions
* creates Civil Service System
32
Bedouins
* nomadic pastoralists
* Arabian peninsula
* culture based on herding camels and goats
* horses, camels, goats very important
33
Hinduism
* not unified system of beliefs/ ideas
* broad spectrum of beliefs and practices, flexible
* reincarnation (rebirth), karma (determined how ur reincarnated), darma, and moksha
34
Xiongnu
* nomadic pastoral
* formed a confederation in Northern Chinese border
* interacted with Han as equals
* ancestors of Mongol, Turkic, Hun
35
Constantine
* roman emperor (321-337 ce)
* Constantinople = capital
* used Christianity to unify empire
36
Charlegmane
* Carolingian emperor
* military leader, established order, promoted edu & culture
* United all Christians (800ce)
* crowned Holy Roman Emperor by pope
37
Tang
* China, golden age, 300 yrs
| * grew to include much of Eastern Asia, large parts of Central Asia
38
Jizya
•tax for non Muslims in Islamic land
39
Octavian
* later named Augustus
* Julius Caesars grandnephew / adopted son
* defeated conservative senators after Caesars assassination
* ***1st Roman Emperor
40
Shihuangdi
* 1st to unite China under legalistic rule
* harshly treated ppl, Qin lost Mandate of Heaven
* started Great Wall
41
Abbasids
* succeeded Umayyads 750 ce
| * capital: Damascus -- Baghdad
42
Hellenism
* culture derived from Greek civilization
| * flourished between 800 - 400bce
43
Mecca
* Arabian commercial center
* home of Muhammad
* future religious center for Islam
44
Axum
* empire in Ethiopian highlands
* influenced by Arabian peninsula
* converted to Christianity, later part of Ethiopia
45
Ka'aba
* pre-Islamic shrine, Mecca
* Muslim worship (Hajj to Mecca)
* most holy place in Islam
* Muslims believe Abraham built it
46
Mahayana
* Buddhism popular in China
| * Buddha's role as a savior
47
Persian Wars
* 5th century bce wars
* Persia vs Greek city states
* Greek victory = define Greek identity
48
Filial piety
Confucianist principle
| •obey and honor parents, superiors, political authorities
