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AP WORLD > "Unit 2" Periods 2&3 Review > Flashcards

"Unit 2" Periods 2&3 Review Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

Byzantine

A
  • Eastern Roman Empire
  • survived until 1453
  • retained Mediterranean and HELLENISTIC culture
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2
Q

Justinian

A
  • simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s code
  • Hagia Sophia
  • turning point for Christianity, paganism lost
  • failed attempt to restore western Roman territories
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3
Q

Republic

A
  • balanced political system of Rome
  • circa 510 - 47 bce
  • aristocratic senate, panel of magistrates & popular assemblies
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4
Q

Legalism

A
  • everyone except the emperor is morally corrupt

* strict rule, harsh punishments

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5
Q

Brahmins

A
  • highest in Hindu caste

* priests

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6
Q

Daoism

A
  • world always changing

* don’t stray from the Dao (path) of nature

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7
Q

Vedas

A

Sacred Hindu religious texts

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8
Q

Siddhartha

A
  • Hindu prince
  • pursued the source of suffering
  • Buddhism
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9
Q

Lao Zi

A
  • give up worldly desires in favor of nature

* founded Daoism

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10
Q

Ashoka

A
  • Maurya emperor
  • conquered India using military force
  • converted to Buddhism
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11
Q

DAR-AL-ISLAM

A
  • the land of Islam

* territory where Islam and religious laws may be practiced freely

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12
Q

Ummayad

A
  • clan/ tribe, dominated Mecca
  • later Islamic dynasty
  • 1st Muslin dynasty
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13
Q

Pastoral nomads

A
  • ppl from the Steppes in Asia
  • herded animals
  • ended by gunpowder
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14
Q

Ali

A
  • cousin / son in law of Muhammad
  • orthodox caliphs
  • focus: development of Shi’a Islam
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15
Q

Carthage

A
  • western Mediterranean empire
  • Punic wars with Rome for dominance
  • desecrated by Rome
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16
Q

Socrates

A
  • Athenian philosopher
  • late 5th century bce
  • father of western philosophy
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17
Q

Hajj

A
  • pilgrimage to Mecca

* part of the Five Pillars of Islam

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18
Q

Slavs

A
  • Indo-European ppl from Eastern Europe
  • formed regional kingdoms by 5th century ce
  • cultural base for Russian ppl
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19
Q

Hijra

A
  • Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina (escaping persecution)
  • 622ce
  • beginning of Muslim era
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20
Q

Caste system

A
  • India’s social hierarchy

* almost impossible to move up/down

21
Q

Sui

A
  • reestablished unity after the era of The Three Kings
  • after Han
  • strong rulers, northern China
  • Grand Canal
22
Q

Caliph

A
  • successor of Muhammad
  • head of Islamic community
  • religious king
23
Q

Sunni

A
  • major interpretation of Islam

* Ummayads

24
Q

Umma

A

•faithful community of Islam

25
Q

Qur’an

A
  • word of God revealed through Muhammad

* holy book of Islam, “recitations of God”

26
Q

Tribute system

A
  • traditional Chinese system for managing foreign relations

* established rules about foreign people entering and conducting relations with China

27
Q

Zoroastrianism

A
  • Persian monotheistic religion

* material existence = battle between good and evil

28
Q

The grand canal

A
  • 1700 k waterway in China
  • links Yellow river to Yangzi river
  • started in Han, finished in Sui
29
Q

Alexander the Great

A
  • son / successor of king Philip II
  • conquered Persian empire, expands to India
  • attempt to combine Greek and Persian culture
30
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A
  • political legitimacy for Chinese rulers
  • established by Zhou to justify overthrowing the Shang
  • rule is legitimized and blessed by heaven
31
Q

Han WUDI

A
  • most important Han emperor
  • expands empire in all directions
  • creates Civil Service System
32
Q

Bedouins

A
  • nomadic pastoralists
  • Arabian peninsula
  • culture based on herding camels and goats
  • horses, camels, goats very important
33
Q

Hinduism

A
  • not unified system of beliefs/ ideas
  • broad spectrum of beliefs and practices, flexible
  • reincarnation (rebirth), karma (determined how ur reincarnated), darma, and moksha
34
Q

Xiongnu

A
  • nomadic pastoral
  • formed a confederation in Northern Chinese border
  • interacted with Han as equals
  • ancestors of Mongol, Turkic, Hun
35
Q

Constantine

A
  • roman emperor (321-337 ce)
  • Constantinople = capital
  • used Christianity to unify empire
36
Q

Charlegmane

A
  • Carolingian emperor
  • military leader, established order, promoted edu & culture
  • United all Christians (800ce)
  • crowned Holy Roman Emperor by pope
37
Q

Tang

A
  • China, golden age, 300 yrs

* grew to include much of Eastern Asia, large parts of Central Asia

38
Q

Jizya

A

•tax for non Muslims in Islamic land

39
Q

Octavian

A
  • later named Augustus
  • Julius Caesars grandnephew / adopted son
  • defeated conservative senators after Caesars assassination
  • ***1st Roman Emperor
40
Q

Shihuangdi

A
  • 1st to unite China under legalistic rule
  • harshly treated ppl, Qin lost Mandate of Heaven
  • started Great Wall
41
Q

Abbasids

A
  • succeeded Umayyads 750 ce

* capital: Damascus – Baghdad

42
Q

Hellenism

A
  • culture derived from Greek civilization

* flourished between 800 - 400bce

43
Q

Mecca

A
  • Arabian commercial center
  • home of Muhammad
  • future religious center for Islam
44
Q

Axum

A
  • empire in Ethiopian highlands
  • influenced by Arabian peninsula
  • converted to Christianity, later part of Ethiopia
45
Q

Ka’aba

A
  • pre-Islamic shrine, Mecca
  • Muslim worship (Hajj to Mecca)
  • most holy place in Islam
  • Muslims believe Abraham built it
46
Q

Mahayana

A
  • Buddhism popular in China

* Buddha’s role as a savior

47
Q

Persian Wars

A
  • 5th century bce wars
  • Persia vs Greek city states
  • Greek victory = define Greek identity
48
Q

Filial piety

A

Confucianist principle

•obey and honor parents, superiors, political authorities

AP WORLD (8 decks)

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