Unit 2: Parts Of A Cell Flashcards
Function of Ribosomes
Carry out protein synthesis
Why would a human pancreas have a lot of ribosomes
Bc they have a lot of digestive enzymes
Difference between free and bound ribosomes
Free ribosomes are in the nucleus
Bound ribosomes are on the ER
Vesicles
Sacs of membrane that carry stuff throughout a cell
What does the Smooth ER do?
Synthesize lipids, detoxifies with special enzymes, stores calcium ions
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells
4 things all cells have in common
- all membrane bound
- all have DNA
- all contain ribosomes
- all have cytoplasm
Where is DNA housed in prokaryotic cells
The Nucleoid
Structures found in animal cells but not plant cells
Lysosomes and centrioles
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What organelle performs photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
What is the cell membrane composed of?
Phospholipids that form a two layer sheet called a bi-layer(head of molecule faces out, tails face in)
-also made of proteins
Difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin makes up chromosomes
Nucleus in enclosed in_____ which is filled with _____
Nuclear envelope filled with pores
Nucleolus? What does it synthesize
A structure in the nucleus that synthesizes ribosomal RNA
Organelles included in the Endomembrane system?
Vesicles, ER, nuclear envelope, Golgi app. Lysosomes, vacuoles and cell membrane (everything but…)
Vesicles?
Sacs made of membrane
What does the smooth ER help to store?
Calcium ions
Describe four steps of synthesis and packaging of a secretory protein by the rough ER
1) polypeptide is threaded through rough ER cavity, folds into 3D shape
2) molecule is linked by sugar making it a glycoprotein
3) molecule is then packaged in a transport vesicle
4) the vesicle buds off membrane
Golgi app?
Modify proteins by adding things like sugar
Stacks are not connected to each other
Hypothesis of endosymbiosis
It states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes that began in living larger cells
How do neighboring cells adhere, interact, and communicate?
Cell junctions
Three types of cell junctions?
Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Nonmemberous organelles
Cytoskeleton, micro villi, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes and proteasomes
Desmosomes
Ties cells together
Three parts of cytoskeleton
Micro tubules, micro filaments, intermediate filaments
Microtubules
- made of tubulin
- spiral
- resist compression
- move chromosomes in cell division
Micro filaments
- 7 to 9 nanometers
- found in cilia and flagella
- made of actin wrapped around each other
- help cell move
Intermediate filaments
- provide track for movement
- anchor for cell to cell connection
- provide structure for cells
People involved with cell discovery in order of first to last
…..
Function of Rough ER and where does it not ship. Things
Makes Glycoproteins does not ship to Golgi App
Three functions of a lysosome and definition of each
Auto lysis: messy cell death
Autofagey: break down old parts of a cell
Digestion
