Unit 2: Parts Of A Cell

Question 1

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 1

Carry out protein synthesis

Question 2

Why would a human pancreas have a lot of ribosomes

Answer 2

Bc they have a lot of digestive enzymes

Question 3

Difference between free and bound ribosomes

Answer 3

Free ribosomes are in the nucleus

Bound ribosomes are on the ER

Question 4

Vesicles

Answer 4

Sacs of membrane that carry stuff throughout a cell

Question 5

What does the Smooth ER do?

Answer 5

Synthesize lipids, detoxifies with special enzymes, stores calcium ions

Question 6

Cell Theory

Answer 6

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

Question 7

4 things all cells have in common

Answer 7

• all membrane bound
• all have DNA
• all contain ribosomes
• all have cytoplasm

Question 8

Where is DNA housed in prokaryotic cells

Answer 8

The Nucleoid

Question 9

Structures found in animal cells but not plant cells

Answer 9

Lysosomes and centrioles

Question 10

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

What organelle performs photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Chloroplasts

Question 12

What is the cell membrane composed of?

Answer 12

Phospholipids that form a two layer sheet called a bi-layer(head of molecule faces out, tails face in)
-also made of proteins

Question 13

Difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Answer 13

Chromatin makes up chromosomes

Question 14

Nucleus in enclosed in_____ which is filled with _____

Answer 14

Nuclear envelope filled with pores

Question 15

Nucleolus? What does it synthesize

Answer 15

A structure in the nucleus that synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Question 16

Organelles included in the Endomembrane system?

Answer 16

Vesicles, ER, nuclear envelope, Golgi app. Lysosomes, vacuoles and cell membrane (everything but…)

Question 17

Vesicles?

Answer 17

Sacs made of membrane

Question 18

What does the smooth ER help to store?

Answer 18

Calcium ions

Question 19

Describe four steps of synthesis and packaging of a secretory protein by the rough ER

Answer 19

1) polypeptide is threaded through rough ER cavity, folds into 3D shape
2) molecule is linked by sugar making it a glycoprotein
3) molecule is then packaged in a transport vesicle
4) the vesicle buds off membrane

Question 20

Golgi app?

Answer 20

Modify proteins by adding things like sugar

Stacks are not connected to each other

Question 21

Hypothesis of endosymbiosis

Answer 21

It states that mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes that began in living larger cells

Question 22

How do neighboring cells adhere, interact, and communicate?

Answer 22

Cell junctions

Question 23

Three types of cell junctions?

Answer 23

Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Desmosomes

Question 24

Nonmemberous organelles

Answer 24

Cytoskeleton, micro villi, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes and proteasomes

Question 25

Desmosomes

Answer 25

Ties cells together

Question 26

Three parts of cytoskeleton

Answer 26

Micro tubules, micro filaments, intermediate filaments

Question 27

Microtubules

Answer 27

- made of tubulin - spiral - resist compression - move chromosomes in cell division

Question 28

Micro filaments

Answer 28

- 7 to 9 nanometers - found in cilia and flagella - made of actin wrapped around each other - help cell move

Question 29

Intermediate filaments

Answer 29

- provide track for movement - anchor for cell to cell connection - provide structure for cells

Question 30

People involved with cell discovery in order of first to last

Answer 30

.....

Question 31

Function of Rough ER and where does it not ship. Things

Answer 31

Makes Glycoproteins does not ship to Golgi App

Question 32

Three functions of a lysosome and definition of each

Answer 32

Auto lysis: messy cell death Autofagey: break down old parts of a cell Digestion