UNIT 2 (part one) Flashcards
is concerned with the study of helminthes or parasitic worms.
helminthology
are trophoblastic metazoa (multi-cellular organisms).
helminthes
also cause economic loss as a result of infections of domestic animals.
helminthes
sources of parasites
- Contaminated soil, water, and food.
- Blood sucking insects or arthropods.
- Domestic or wild animals harboring the parasite.
- Person to person.
- Oneself as in Enterobius vermicularis.
how do parasites enter the body?
mouth
skin
respiratory tract by means of inhalation of airborne eggs.
classifications of aphasmid (adenophorea) nematodes:
- Trichuris trichuira
- Trichinella spiralis
- Capillaria philippinensis
trichuriasis trichuria is also known as
whip worm
trichuris trichuira worm that measures 3-4.5 cm in length. Its posterior end is coiled and possesses a single cubicle.
male
trichuris trichuira worm measures 4-5 cm in length. Its posterior end is straight Infective stage and mode of infection Infection is by ingestion of eggs containing larvae with contaminated raw vegetables.
female
are groups of flat worms
trematodes and cestodes
nemato means
thread
APHASMID (ADENOPHOREA) NEMATODES are what kind of worms?
roundworms
adenos means
glands
phoreus means
bearer
Ingested eggs hatch in the small intestine) and the larvae migrate to the large intestine to become adult. After mating, the female lays immature eggs, which pass with the stool to the soil and mature in 2 weeks
life cycle of trichuris trichuira (whip worm)
where do trichuris trichuira usually live in the body?
cecum and ascending colon
The femates begin to oviposit __ to __ days ofter infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between ______ and _________ eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about _ year
30 to 70
3,000
20,000
1
size of trichuris trichuira eggs
50-55 micrometers by 20-25 micrometers.
what shape do trichuris trichuira eggs posses?
barrel-shaped, thick shelled and a pair of polar plugs at the tips
what disease is caused by the ingestion of undercooked meat containing encysted larvae. (except for T. pseudospiralis and I. papuae, which do not encyst)?
trichinellosis
two clinical phases of trichinellosis:
intestinal phase
muscle phase
lasting 1-7 days - asymptomatic; sometimes cause nausea, vomiting, dianhea, constipation, pain, etc, and
intestinal phase
which causes myalgia, palpabral edema, eosinophilia, fever, myocarditis. meningitis, bronchopneumonia etc.
muscle phase
diagnosis of trichinellosis:
- Muscle Biopsy
- Detection of larvae in blood or CS (Cerebrospinal Fluid )
- Detection of larvae and adult worms in stool (rare).
- ELISA
treatment of trichinellosis/trichinella spiralis
Thiabendazol
prevention of trichinella spiralis/trichinellosis:
- Cooking of all meat before consumption
- Inspection of pigs
- Pork must be stored at -150C for 20 days.
treatment for trichuris trichura
Mebendazole: 1 tablet twice daily for 2days.
otherwise known as trichinella spiralis (trichinellosis)
trichinosis
is a parasitic nematode which causes intestinal capillariasis. sometimes fatal disease was first discovered in Norther Luzon, Philippines in 1964.
capillaria philippinensis
The natural life cycle of _________ is believed to involve fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts) Humans acquire C. philippinensis by eating small species of infested fish whole and raw.
capillaria philippinensis
shape of C. philippinensis
peanut-shaped with a striated shell
intermediate host of C. philippinensis?
fish
definitive host of C. philippinensis?
fish-eating birds
larviparous means
giving birth to active larvae
while oviparous means
egg-laying
Worms create infection by penetrating the ______ of the small intestine and reentering the ______. As they progress into the body, they cause the _______ and _________ to degenerate
mucosa
lumen
mucosa
submucosa
symptoms of people infected with C. philippinensis:
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- weight loss
- weakness
- malaise
- anorexia
- emaciation
ways to diagnose C. philippinensis:
- tissue biopsy from the small intestine
- stool samples
treatment of C. philippinensis
200 mg of mebendazole, twice a day for 20 days
other drug that can be used to treat C. philippinensis?
albendazole 400 mg, orally for 10 days
