UNIT 1 (part one) Flashcards
classes of parasites:
- ectoparasite
- endoparasite
a parasitic organism that lives on the outer surface of its host.
ectoparasite
parasites that live inside the body of their host.
endoparasites
example of endoparasite
entamoeba histolytica
example of ectoparasite
lice, ticks, mites
This parasite is completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle.
obligate parasite
an organism that exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living and hence does not absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life, but is capable of adapting to it if placed on a host.
facultative parasite
in humans causing primary amoebic meningitis and Chrysomyia sp. larva in wound
naegleria fowleri
naegleria fowleri is classified as?
facultative parasite
when a parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives. Lava of Musca domestica in hosts
accidental parasite
example of obligate parasite
plasmodium:trematodes
example of accidental parasites
hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm)
a parasite found in a host that is not its original host
incidental parasite
example of incidental parasite
toxocara vitulorum
is one that wanders in to an organ in which it is not usually found.
erratic parasite
example of erratic parasite
entamoeba histolytica in the liver or lungs in humans:liver fluke in lungs
are those whose life cycles are not spent entirely on the host and are seen only for certain periods of time (short or long duration)
temporary parasite
example of temporary parasites
mosquitoes and bugs
leads a parasitic life throughout the whole period of its life.
permanent parasite
happens to reach a place where it cannot live.
wandering or aberrant parasite
are those that parasitize other parasites
hyperparasites
example of hyperparasites
plasmodium on mosquitoes
are parasites found transiently in the excretions of the host in view of the host having consumed a parasite of another host.
spurious parasites
example of spurious parasites
eggs of moniezia in dog feces after ingesion of moniezia infected sheep: goat and cattle intestines by the dog
are parasites that resemble a parasite and which are present in the clinical specimen
pseudoparasites
example of pseudoparasites
plant fibers, yeast, pollen grains
parasites that do not cause disease are called?
non pathogenic parasites
is association between two different organisms living in close physical association usually to the advantage of both as opposed to free living organisms and simply, living together.
symbiosis
Any organism that is intimately associated with another organism of a different species is considered to be a?
symbiont
example of symbiont/symbiosis
house flies and pigs
is a relationship between two symbionts which are merely traveling together and without physiclogical or biochemical dependence on each other.
phoresis
example of phoresis
mites carried by beetles or bacteria on the legs of a fly.
is relationship involving symbionts that are mutually dependant on each for food and shelter. This relationship is usually obligatory and one symbiont cannot survive without the other.
mutualism
example of mutualism
intestinal protozoa in termites.
is a type of relationship, in which one symbiont derives benefit from the other symbiont (host) but the host is neither benefited nor harmed. “eating at the same table” .
commensalism
commensalism may either be?
facultative or obligatory
is the relationship between predators and prey where the predators kill the prey for food.
predatorism
are those, whose immature stages develop on other parasites and emerge by killing the parasite.
parasitoids
example of parasitoids
Hymenopteran flies on dipteran flies.
different kinds of hosts:
- definitive
- intermediate
- paratenic
- reservoir
- natural
- accidental
- carrier
- intercalary
a host that harbors a parasite in the adult stage or where the parasite undergoes a sexual method of reproduction.
definitive host
harbors the laval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development takes place.
intermediate host
a host that serves as a temporary refuge and vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host.
paratenic host
a host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host and is usually not affected by the infection.
reservoir host
a host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite. usual place.
natural host
a host that is under normal circumstances not infected with the parasite. not typical or intended.
accidental host
are hosts that have a residual population of the parasite and acts as a source of Intered infection for the same type of host.
carrier host
is a host that liberates the infective stages of a parasite of another trapped in the body of the original host
intercalary host
any agent that caries infectious organisms between animals.
vector
is an arthropod that carries the parasite between two vertebrate hosts.
vector
example of blood protozoas
ticks and mosquitoes
different classifications of vector:
mechanical and cyclical
is an arthropod that carries the infectious aganet from, one vertebrate
host to another without any development in its body.
mechanical vector
is a vector in which the parasite undergoes development/multiplication before being Transmitted to the next host
cyclical vector
