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Gr 12 Chem > Unit 2 organic chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 2 organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

Compounds in which carbon is the principle element

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2
Q

Where do organic compounds come from?

A

Biomass, fossil fuels

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3
Q

What is not organic?

A

Carbonate, carbon dioxide etc

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4
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Compound only containing hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

What is an alkane?

A

Hydrocarbon with only single bonds, saturated

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6
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Molecules that have the same general formula but different structure and properties.

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7
Q

What is a cycloalkane?

A

Hydrocarbon with a closed ring, saturated

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8
Q

How do you name an alkane?

A

Prefix + ane
Branches end in yl

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9
Q

How do you name a cycloalkane?

A

cyclo+ root+ ane
Branches end in yl

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10
Q

What is an alkene ?

A

An alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond

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11
Q

How do you name alkenes?

A

-ene suffix
-add a to the root if multiples
-include cis/trans prefix if groups can be arranged on the same side
-address double bond

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12
Q

What is the shape of cycloalkanes and alkanes?

A

Tetrahedral (109.5)

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13
Q

What is the shape of aromatics and alkenes?

A

Trigonol Planar (120)

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14
Q

What is the shape for alkynes?

A

Linear (180)

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15
Q

What is an alkyne?

A

An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple bond

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16
Q

What is an aromatic?

A

A benzene ring, a ring of 6 carbons atoms, can also be called phenyl

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17
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols and ethers?

A

CnH2n+2O

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18
Q

What is the general formula of esters and alkanoic acids?

A

CnH2nO2

19
Q

What is the general formula of alkynes and alkadienes?

A

CH2n-2

20
Q

What is the general formula of ketones and aldehydes?

A

CH2nO

21
Q

What is the general formula of cycloalkanes and alkenes

A

CnH2n

22
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

Reaction of a hydrocarbon and oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water.

23
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A reaction in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by other atoms, the primary reaction for saturated hydrocarbons

24
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

The addition of water, halogen, or hydrogen to an alkene or alkyne, primary reaction for unsaturated hydrocarbons

25
Q

What is a derivative?

A

An organic compound containing atoms other then hydrogen and carbon.

26
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A structural arrangement of atoms that imparts particular properties to a molecule

27
Q

What is an organic family?

A

A group of compounds sharing a common functional group

28
Q

What happens in a dissociation reaction?

A

When dissolved in water the hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group dissociates as an H ion making the solution acidic

29
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS CAN BE NEUTRALIZED BY REACTING WITH NASES (HYDROXIDES OR BICARBONATE

30
Q

What is saponification?

A

Hydrolysis of a triglyceride with a strong base

31
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

Fats and lipids are esters condensed from glycerol and 3 fatty acids

32
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The reverse reaction of esterification combined with neutralization when an ester reacts with a strong base

33
Q

What is esterfication?

A

The condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester + water

34
Q

What increases melting/boiling point?

A

Increasing polar character, increasing functional group , increasing alkyl portion

35
Q

What increases polar solubility, opposite of non-polar?

A

Increased polar character, increased functional group, smaller alkyl portion

36
Q

Polar character?

A

The polar character of the molecule depends on the relative contributions of the polar and non-polar portions of the molecule

37
Q

What is a dehydration reaction?

A

It can reverse an addition reaction with a sulfuric acid catalyst, and water is one of the products. Common in alcohols

38
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

Organic derivative containing a hydroxyl functional group

39
Q

How do you name an alcohol?

A

alkan(e) + address + prefix (if bifunctional) + ol

40
Q

What are the common reactions for alcohols as the reactant?

A

Dehydration: alcohol -> HSo4 alkene+H2O
Oxidation: 1 alcohol + O -> aldehyde + H2O
2 alcohol +O -> ketone + H2O
Condensation: alcohol + alcohol -> ether + H2O
alcohol + carboxylic acid ->HS04 ester +H20

41
Q

What is an ether?

A

An organic derivative containing the ether linkage functional group ( -O-)

42
Q

How do you name an ether?

A

address + smaller “alk” + oxy + parent alkane name

43
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

Gr 12 Chem (2 decks)

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